Sterol absorption inhibitor compositions

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides compositions, therapeutic combinations and methods including: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator; and (b) at least one substituted azetidinone or substituted β-lactam sterol absorption inhibitor which can be useful for treating vascular conditions, diabetes, obesity and lowering plasma levels of sterols.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10,057,323, filed Jan. 25, 2002, and claims the benefit of priority fromU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/264,396 filed Jan. 26,2001 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/323,839 filedSep. 21, 2001, each incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions and therapeuticcombinations comprising peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) activator(s) and certain sterol absorption inhibitor(s) fortreating vascular and lipidemic conditions such as are associated withatherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia and other vascular conditions inmammals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) represents the major causefor death and vascular morbidity in the western world. Risk factors foratherosclerotic coronary heart disease include hypertension, diabetesmellitus, family history, male gender, cigarette smoke and serumcholesterol. A total cholesterol level in excess of 225-250 mg/dl isassociated with significant elevation of risk of CHD.

Cholesteryl esters are a major component of atherosclerotic lesions andthe major storage form of cholesterol in arterial wall cells. Formationof cholesteryl esters is also a step in the intestinal absorption ofdietary cholesterol. Thus, inhibition of cholesteryl ester formation andreduction of serum cholesterol can inhibit the progression ofatherosclerotic lesion formation, decrease the accumulation ofcholesteryl esters in the arterial wall, and block the intestinalabsorption of dietary cholesterol.

The regulation of whole-body cholesterol homeostasis in mammals andanimals involves the regulation of dietary cholesterol and modulation ofcholesterol biosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis and the catabolism ofthe cholesterol-containing plasma lipoproteins. The liver is the majororgan responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis and catabolism and, forthis reason, it is a prime determinant of plasma cholesterol levels. Theliver is the site of synthesis and secretion of very low densitylipoproteins (VLDL) which are subsequently metabolized to low densitylipoproteins (LDL) in the circulation. LDL are the predominantcholesterol-carrying lipoproteins in the plasma and an increase in theirconcentration is correlated with increased atherosclerosis. Whenintestinal cholesterol absorption is reduced, by whatever means, lesscholesterol is delivered to the liver. The consequence of this action isdecreased hepatic lipoprotein (VLDL) production and an increase in thehepatic clearance of plasma cholesterol, mostly as LDL. Thus, the neteffect of inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption is a decrease inplasma cholesterol levels.

Fibric acid derivatives (“fibrates”), such as fenofibrate, gemfibroziland clofibrate, have been used to lower triglycerides, moderately lowerLDL levels and increase HDL levels. Fibric acid derivatives are alsoknown to be peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activators.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,767,115, 5,624,920, 5,668,990, 5,656,624 and 5,688,787,respectively, disclose hydroxy-substituted azetidinone compounds andsubstituted, β-lactam compounds useful for lowering cholesterol and/orin inhibiting the formation of cholesterol-containing lesions inmammalian arterial walls. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,846,966 and 5,661,145,respectively, disclose hydroxy-substituted azetidinone compounds orsubstituted β-lactam compounds in combination with HMG CoA reductaseinhibitors for preventing or treating atherosclerosis and reducingplasma cholesterol levels.

PCT Patent Application No. WO 00/38725 discloses cardiovasculartherapeutic combinations including an ileal bile acid transportinhibitor or cholesteryl ester transport protein inhibitor incombination with a fibric acid derivative, nicotinic acid derivative,microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, cholesterolabsorption antagonist, phytosterol, stanol, antihypertensive agent orbile acid sequestrant.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,527 discloses ergostanone derivatives substitutedwith disaccharides as cholesterol absorption inhibitors, employed aloneor in combination with certain other cholesterol lowering agents, whichare useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and relateddisorders.

Despite recent improvements in the treatment of vascular disease, thereremains a need in the art for improved compositions and treatments forhyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis and other vascular conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (I):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (I) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (I) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein in Formula (I) above:

Ar¹ and Ar² are independently selected from the group consisting of aryland R⁴-substituted aryl;

Ar³ is aryl or R⁵-substituted aryl;

X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(lower alkyl)- and —C(dilower alkyl)-;

R and R² are independently selected from the group consisting of —OR⁶,—O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁶ and —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷;

R¹ and R³ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl and aryl;

q is 0 or 1;

r is 0 or 1;

m, n and p are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; providedthat at least one of q and r is 1, and the sum of m, n, p, q and r is 1,2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and provided that when p is 0 and r is 1, the sum of m,q and n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R⁴ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl, —OR, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶,—CONR₆R₇, —COR⁶, SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, -(lower alkylene)COOR⁶, —CH═CH—COOR⁶, —CF₃, —CN,—NO₂ and halogen;

R⁵ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷,—NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R, —COOR⁶, —CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶,—SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, -(loweralkylene)COOR⁶ and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and

R⁹ is lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl.

In another embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising: (a)at least one fibric acid derivative; and (b) a compound represented byFormula (II) below:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or prodrug ofthe compound of Formula (II) or of the salt or solvate thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (III):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (III) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (III) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein, in Formula (III) above:

Ar¹ is R³-substituted aryl; Ar² is R⁴-substituted aryl; Ar³ isR⁵-substituted aryl;

Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—,—CH(lower alkyl)- and —C(dilower alkyl)-;

A is selected from —O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —OR, —O(CO)R, —O(CO)OR and—O(CO)NR⁶R⁷; R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl and aryl; or R¹ and R² together are ═O;

q is 1, 2 or 3;

p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

R⁵ is 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁹, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂-lower alkyl,—NR⁶SO₂-aryl, —CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R, S(O)₀₋₂-alkyl, S(O)₀₋₂-aryl,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, o-halogeno, m-halogeno, o-loweralkyl, m-lower alkyl, -(lower alkylene)-COOR⁶, and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R³ and R⁴ are independently 1-3 substituents independently selected fromthe group consisting of R⁵, hydrogen, p-lower alkyl, aryl, —NO₂, —CF₃and p-halogeno;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and

R⁹ is lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (IV):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (IV) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (IV) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein, in Formula (IV) above:

A is selected from the group consisting of R²-substitutedheterocycloalkyl, R²-substituted heteroaryl, R²-substituted benzofusedheterocycloalkyl, and R²-substituted benzofused heteroaryl;

Ar¹ is aryl or R³-substituted aryl;

Ar² is aryl or R⁴-substituted aryl;

Q is a bond or, with the 3-position ring carbon of the azetidinone,forms the spiro group

and

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   —(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 2-6, provided that when Q forms a        spiro ring, q can also be zero or 1;    -   —(CH₂)_(e)—G—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein G is —O—, —C(O)—, phenylene,        —NR⁸— or —S(O)0-2—, e is 0-5 and r is 0-5, provided that the sum        of e and r is 1-6;    -   —(C₂-C₆ alkenylene)-; and    -   —(CH₂)_(f)—V—(CH₂)_(g)—, wherein V is C₃-C₆ cycloalkylene, f is        1-5 and g is 0-5, provided that the sum of f and g is 1-6;

R⁵ is selected from:

R⁶ and R⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—,—CH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —C(di-(C₁-C₆)alkyl), —CH═CH— and —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—;or R⁵ together with an adjacent R⁶, or R⁵ together with an adjacent R⁷,form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-group;

a and b are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;provided that when R⁶ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, a is 1;provided that when R⁷ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, b is 1;provided that when a is 2 or 3, the R⁶'s can be the same or different;and provided that when b is 2 or 3, the R⁷'s can be the same ordifferent;

and when Q is a bond, R¹ also can be selected from:

where M is —O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;

X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆alkyl)- and —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl);

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of—OR¹⁴, —O(CO)R¹⁴, —O(CO)OR¹⁶ and —O(CO)NR¹⁴R¹⁵;

R¹¹ and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and aryl; or R¹⁰ and R¹¹ together are ═O, or R¹²and R¹³ together are ═O;

d is 1, 2 or 3;

h is 0, 1,2, 3 or 4;

s is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; m, n and p are independently 0-4; providedthat at least one of s and t is 1, and the sum of m, n, p, s and t is1-6; provided that when p is 0 and t is 1, the sum of m, s and n is 1-5;and provided that when p is 0 and s is 1, the sum of m, t and n is 1-5;

v is 0 or 1;

j and k are independently 1-5, provided that the sum of j, k and v is1-5;

R² is 1-3 substituents on the ring carbon atoms selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, (C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, (C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkenyl, R¹⁷-substituted aryl,R¹⁷-substituted benzyl, R¹⁷-substituted benzyloxy, R¹⁷-substitutedaryloxy, halogeno, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵, NR¹⁴R¹⁵(C₁-C₆ alkylene)-, NR¹⁴R¹⁵C(O)(C₁-C₆alkylene)-, —NHC(O)R¹⁶, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —OC(O)R, —COR¹⁴,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, NO₂, —S(O)₀₋₂R¹⁶,—SO₂N¹⁴R¹⁵ and —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)COOR¹⁴; when R² is a substituent on aheterocycloalkyl ring, R² is as defined, or is ═O or

and, where R² is a substituent on a substitutable ring nitrogen, it ishydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, aryloxy,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, hydroxy, —(CH₂)₁₋₆CONR¹⁸R¹⁸,

wherein J is —O—, —NH—, —NR¹⁸— or —CH₂—;

R³ and R⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1-3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —OR¹⁴, —O(CO)R¹⁴, —O(CO)OR¹⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR¹⁴,—O(CO)NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴(CO)R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴(CO)OR¹⁶, —NR¹⁴(CO)NR¹⁵R¹⁹,—NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁶, —COOR¹⁴, —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —COR¹⁴, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, S(O)₀₋₂R¹⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR¹⁴, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)-COOR¹⁴,—CH═CH—COOR¹⁴, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen;

R⁸ is hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl (C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)R¹⁴ or —COOR¹⁴;

R⁹ and R¹⁷ are independently 1-3 groups independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, OH and halogeno;

R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹⁶ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl or R¹⁷-substituted aryl;

R¹⁸ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; and

R¹⁹ is hydrogen, hydroxy or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (V):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (V) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (V) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein, in Formula (V) above:

Ar¹ is aryl, R¹⁰-substituted aryl or heteroaryl;

Ar² is aryl or R⁴-substituted aryl;

Ar³ is aryl or R⁵-substituted aryl;

X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—,—CH(lower alkyl)- and —C(dilower alkyl)-;

R is —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹ or —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷; R¹ is hydrogen, loweralkyl or aryl; or R and R¹ together are ═O;

q is 0 or 1;

r is 0, 1 or 2;

m and n are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; provided that the sum ofm, n and q is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R⁴ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl, —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —^(O(CO)NR)⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶,—CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, -(lower alkylene)COOR⁶ and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R⁵ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶, —CONR⁶R⁷,—COR₆, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷,—CF₃, —CN, —NO₂, halogen, -(lower alkylene)COOR⁶, and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted lower alkyl;

R⁹ is lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and

R¹⁰ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl, —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶,—CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, —S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (VI):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (VI) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (VI) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein in Formula (VI) above:

R₁ is

R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of:—CH₂—, —CH(lower alkyl)-, —C(di-lower alkyl)-, —CH═CH— and —C(loweralkyl)═CH—; or R₁ together with an adjacent R₂, or R₁ together with anadjacent R₃, form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(lower alkyl)-group;

u and v are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;provided that when R₂ is —CH═CH— or —C(lower alkyl)═CH—, v is 1;provided that when R₃ is —CH═CH— or —C(lower alkyl)═CH—, u is 1;provided that when v is 2 or 3, the R₂'s can be the same or different;and provided that when u is 2 or 3, the R₃'s can be the same ordifferent;

R₄ is selected from B—(CH₂)_(m)C(O)—, wherein m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;B—(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;B—(CH₂)_(e)—Z—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein Z is —O—, —C(O)—, phenylene, —N(R₈)—or —S(O)₀₋₂—, e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,provided that the sum of e and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; B—(C₂-C₆alkenylene)-; B—(C₄-C₆ alkadienylene)-; B—(CH₂)_(t)—Z—(C₂-C₆alkenylene)-, wherein Z is as defined above, and wherein t is 0, 1, 2 or3, provided that the sum of t and the number of carbon atoms in thealkenylene chain is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; B—(CH₂)_(f)—V—(CH₂)_(g)—, wherein Vis C₃-C₆ cycloalkylene, f is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and g is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or5, provided that the sum of f and g is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;B—(CH₂)_(t)—V—(C₂-C₆ alkenylene)- or B—(C₂-C₆ alkenylene)—V—(CH₂)_(t)—,wherein V and t are as defined above, provided that the sum of t and thenumber of carbon atoms in the alkenylene chain is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;B—(CH₂)_(a)—Z—(CH₂)_(b)—V—(CH₂)_(d)—, wherein Z and V are as definedabove and a, b and d are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, providedthat the sum of a, b and d is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; or T—(CH₂)_(s)—,wherein T is cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms and s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or6; or

R₁ and R₄ together form the group

B is selected from indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl,heteroaryl or W-substituted heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is selectedfrom the group consisting of pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyrazinyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl,oxazolyl and furanyl, and for nitrogen-containing heteroaryls, theN-oxides thereof, or

W is 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, lower alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, (loweralkoxyimino)-lower alkyl, lower alkanedioyl, lower alkyl loweralkanedioyl, allyloxy, —CF₃, —OCF₃, benzyl, R₇-benzyl, benzyloxy,R₇-benzyloxy, phenoxy, R₇-phenoxy, dioxolanyl, NO₂, —N(R₈)(R₉),N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylene-, N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylenyloxy-, OH, halogeno,—CN, —N₃, —NHC(O)OR₁₀, —NHC(O)R₁₀, R₁₁O₂SNH—, (R₁₁O₂S)₂N—, —S(O)₂NH₂,—S(O)₀₋₂R₈, tert-butyldimethyl-silyloxymethyl, —C(O)R₁₂, —COOR₁₉,—CON(R₈)(R₉), —CH═CHC(O)R₁₂, -lower alkylene-C(O)R₁₂, R₁₀C(O)(loweralkylenyloxy)-, N(R₈)(R₉)C(O)(lower alkylenyloxy)- and

for substitution on ring carbon atoms, and the substituents on thesubstituted heteroaryl ring nitrogen atoms, when present, are selectedfrom the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —C(O)OR₁₀,—C(O)R₁₀, OH, N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylene-, N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylenyloxy,—S(O)₂NH₂ and 2-(trimethylsilyl)-ethoxymethyl;

R₇ is 1-3 groups independently selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂, —N(R₈)(R₉), OH, and halogeno;

R₈ and R₉ are independently selected from H or lower alkyl;

R₁₀ is selected from lower alkyl, phenyl, R₇-phenyl, benzyl orR₇-benzyl;

R₁₁ is selected from OH, lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, R₇-phenyl orR₇-benzyl;

R₁₂ is selected from H, OH, alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy,

—N(R₈)(R₉), lower alkyl, phenyl or R₇-phenyl;

R₁₃ is selected from —O—, —CH₂—, —NH—, —N(lower alkyl)- or —NC(O)R₁₉;

R₁₅, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently selected from the group consisting ofH and the groups defined for W; or R₁₅ is hydrogen and R₁₆ and R₁₇,together with adjacent carbon atoms to which they are attached, form adioxolanyl ring;

R₁₉ is H, lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl; and

R₂₀ and R₂₁ are independently selected from the group consisting ofphenyl, W-substituted phenyl, naphthyl, W-substituted naphthyl, indanyl,indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, benzodioxolyl, heteroaryl, W-substitutedheteroaryl, benzofused heteroaryl, W-substituted benzofused heteroaryland cyclopropyl, wherein heteroaryl is as defined above.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and(b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (VII):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (VII) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (VII) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein in Formula (VII) above:

A is —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or —(CH₂)_(p)— wherein p is 0, 1 or 2;

B is

E is C₁₀ to C₂₀ alkyl or —C(O)—(C₉ to C₁₉)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl isstraight or branched, saturated or containing one or more double bonds;

R is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₅ alkyl, straight or branched, saturated orcontaining one or more double bonds, or B—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein r is 0, 1,2, or 3;

R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, NO₂, NH₂, OH, halogeno,lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, —NHC(O)OR₅, R₆O₂SNH— and—S(O)₂NH₂;

R₄ is

wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

R₅ is lower alkyl; and

R₆ is OH, lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or substituted phenyl wherein thesubstituents are 1-3 groups independently selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, NO₂, NH₂, OH,halogeno, lower alkylamino and dilower alkylamino.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (VIII):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (VIII) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugsof the compounds of Formula (VIII) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein, in Formula (VIII) above,

R²⁶ is H or OG¹;

G and G¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of

provided that when R²⁶ is H or OH, G is not H;

R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OH, halogeno, —NH₂, azido, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy or —W—R³⁰;

W is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH—C(O)—,—O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—N(R³¹)—, —NH—C(O)—N(R³¹)— and —O—C(S)—N(R³¹)—;

R² and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C6)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(3a) and R^(4a) are independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)(C₁-C₆)alkyland —C(O)aryl;

R³⁰ is selected from the group consisting of R³²-substituted T,R³²-substituted-T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, R³²-substituted-(C₂-C₄)alkenyl,R³²-substituted-(C₁-C₆)alkyl, R³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl andR³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³¹ is selected from the group consisting of H and (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

T is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, furyl, thienyl,pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, iosthiazolyl, benzothiazolyl,thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl and pyridyl;

R³² is independently selected from 1-3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogeno, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —OH,phenoxy, —CF₃, —NO₂, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, methylenedioxy, oxo,(C₁-C₄)alkylsulfanyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonyl,—N(CH₃)₂, —C(O)—NH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—N((C₁-C₄)alkyl)₂,—C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy and pyrrolidinylcarbonyl; or R³²is a covalent bond and R³¹, the nitrogen to which it is attached and R³²form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, N-methyl-piperazinyl, indolinyl ormorpholinyl group, or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl-substituted pyrrolidinyl,piperidinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolinyl or morpholinyl group;

Ar¹ is aryl or R¹⁰-substituted aryl;

Ar² is aryl or R¹¹-substituted aryl;

Q is a bond or, with the 3-position ring carbon of the azetidinone,forms the spiro group

and

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

-   -   —(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 2-6, provided that when Q forms a        spiro ring, q can also be zero or 1;    -   —(CH₂)_(e)—E—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein E is —O—, —C(O)—, phenylene,        —NR²²— or —S(O)₀₋₂—, e is 0-5 and r is 0-5, provided that the        sum of e and r is 1-6;    -   —(C₂-C₆)alkenylene-; and    -   —(CH₂)_(f)—V—(CH₂)_(g)—, wherein V is C₃-C₆ cycloalkylene, f is        1-5 and g is 0-5, provided that the sum of f and g is 1-6;

R¹² is

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl), —CH═CH— and —C(C₁-C₆alkyl)═CH—; or R¹² together with an adjacent R¹³, or R¹² together withan adjacent R¹⁴, form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-group;

a and b are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;

provided that when R¹³ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, a is 1;

provided that when R¹⁴ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, b is 1;

provided that when a is 2 or 3, the R¹³'s can be the same or different;and

provided that when b is 2 or 3, the R¹⁴'s can be the same or different;

and when Q is a bond, R¹ also can be:

M is —O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;

X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆)alkyl- and —C(di-(C₁-C₆)alkyl);

R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1-3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —OR¹⁹, —O(CO)R¹⁹, —O(CO)OR²¹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR¹⁹,—O(CO)NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)OR²¹, —NR¹⁹(CO)NR²OR²⁵,—NR¹⁹SO₂R²¹, —COOR¹⁹, —CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —COR¹⁹, —SO₂NR¹⁹R²⁰, S(O)₀₋₂R²¹,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀-COOR¹⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)—COOR¹⁹,—CH═CH—COOR¹⁹, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of—OR¹⁹, —O(CO)R¹⁹, —O(CO)OR²¹ and —O(CO)NR¹⁹R²⁰;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl and aryl; or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ together are ═O, or R¹⁷ and R¹⁸together are ═O;

d is 1, 2 or 3;

h is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

s is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; m, n and p are independently 0-4;

provided that at least one of s and t is 1, and the sum of m, n, p, sand t is 1-6;

provided that when p is 0 and t is 1, the sum of m, s and n is 1-5; andprovided that when p is 0 and s is 1, the sum of m, t and n is 1-5;

v is 0 or 1;

j and k are independently 1-5, provided that the sum of j, k and v is1-5;

-   -   and when Q is a bond and R¹ is        Ar¹ can also be pyridyl, isoxazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl,        imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl or        pyridazinyl;

R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R²¹ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl or R²⁴-substituted aryl;

R²² is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl (C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)R¹⁹ or —COOR¹⁹;

R²³ and R²⁴ are independently 1-3 groups independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂,—NR¹⁹R²⁰, —OH and halogeno; and

R²⁵ is H, —OH or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a compositioncomprising: (a) at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) at least one sterol absorption inhibitor representedby Formula (IX):

or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compounds of Formula (IX) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs ofthe compounds of Formula (IX) or of the isomers, salts or solvatesthereof, wherein, in Formula (IX) above,

R²⁶ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) OH;    -   b) OCH₃;    -   c) fluorine and    -   d) chlorine.

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

—SO₃H; natural and unnatural amino acids.

R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OH, halogeno, —NH₂, azido, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy and—W—R³⁰;

W is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH—C(O)—,—O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—N(R³¹)—, —NH—C(O)—N(R³¹)— and —O—C(S)—N(R³¹)—;

R² and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(3a) and R^(4a) are independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)(C₁-C₆)alkyland —C(O)aryl;

R³⁰ is independently selected form the group consisting ofR³²-substituted T, R³²-substituted-T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl,R³²-substituted-(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, R³²-substituted-(C₁-C₆)alkyl,R³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl andR³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³¹ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and(C₁-C₄)alkyl;

T is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, furyl,thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, iosthiazolyl,benzothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl and pyridyl;

R³² is independently selected from 1-3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of H, halogeno, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —OH,phenoxy, —CF₃, —NO₂, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, methylenedioxy, oxo,(C₁-C₄)alkylsulfanyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonyl,—N(CH₃)₂, —C(O)—NH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—N((C₁-C₄)alkyl)₂,—C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy and pyrrolidinylcarbonyl; or R³²is a covalent bond and R³¹, the nitrogen to which it is attached and R³²form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, N-methyl-piperazinyl, indolinyl ormorpholinyl group, or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl-substituted pyrrolidinyl,piperidinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolinyl or morpholinyl group;

Ar¹ is aryl or R¹⁰-substituted aryl;

Ar² is aryl or R¹¹-substituted aryl;

Q is —(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 2-6, or, with the 3-position ring carbonof the azetidinone,

forms the spiro group

R¹² is

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl), —CH═CH— and —C(C₁-C₆alkyl)═CH—; or R¹² together with an adjacent R¹³, or R¹² together withan adjacent R¹⁴, form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-group;

a and b are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;provided that when R¹³ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, a is 1;provided that when R¹⁴ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, b is 1;provided that when a is 2 or 3, the R¹³'s can be the same or different;and provided that when b is 2 or 3, the R¹⁴'s can be the same ordifferent;

R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1-3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —OR¹⁹, —O(CO)R¹⁹, —O(CO)OR²¹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR¹⁹,—O(CO)NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)OR²¹, —NR¹⁹(CO)NR²⁰R²⁵,—NR¹⁹SO₂R²¹, —COOR¹⁹, —CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —COR¹⁹, —SO₂NR¹⁹R²⁰, S(O)₀₋₂R²¹,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR¹⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)-COOR¹⁹,—CH═CH—COOR¹⁹, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen;

Ar¹ can also be pyridyl, isoxazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridazinyl;

R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R²¹ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl or R²⁴-substituted aryl;

R²² is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl (C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)R¹⁹ or —COOR¹⁹;

R²³ and R²⁴ are independently 1-3 groups independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂,—NR¹⁹R²⁰, —OH and halogeno; and

R²⁵ is H, —OH or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

Therapeutic combinations also are provided comprising: (a) a firstamount of at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator; and (b) a second amount of at least one sterol absorptioninhibitor represented by Formulae (I-XI) above or isomers thereof, orpharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the compounds ofFormula (I-XI) or of the isomers thereof, or prodrugs of the compoundsof Formula (I-XI) or of the isomers, salts or solvates thereof, whereinthe first amount and the second amount together comprise atherapeutically effective amount for the treatment or prevention of avascular condition, diabetes, obesity or lowering a concentration of asterol in plasma of a mammal.

Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of avascular condition, diabetes, obesity or lowering a concentration of asterol in plasma of a mammal, comprising a therapeutically effectiveamount of the above compositions or therapeutic combinations and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier also are provided.

Methods of treating or preventing a vascular condition, diabetes,obesity or lowering a concentration of a sterol in plasma of a mammal,comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of suchtreatment an effective amount of the above compositions or therapeuticcombinations also are provided.

Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, allnumbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, andso forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood asbeing modified in all instances by the term “about.”

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The compositions and therapeutic combinations of the present inventioncomprise at least one (one or more) activators for peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). These activators act asagonists for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Threesubtypes of PPAR have been identified, and these are designated asperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ). It should be noted thatPPARδ is also referred to in the literature as PPARβ and as NUC1, andeach of these names refers to the same receptor.

PPARα regulates the metabolism of lipids. PPARα is activated by fibratesand a number of medium and long-chain fatty acids, and it is involved instimulating β-oxidation of fatty acids. The PPARγ receptor subtypes areinvolved in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation and arenot involved in stimulating peroxisome proliferation in the liver. PPARδhas been identified as being useful in increasing high densitylipoprotein (HDL) levels in humans. See, e.g., WO 97/28149.

PPARα activator compounds are useful for, among other things, loweringtriglycerides, moderately lowering LDL levels and increasing HDL levels.Examples of PPARα activators useful in the compositions of the presentinvention include fibrates.

Non-limiting examples of suitable fibric acid derivatives (“fibrates”)include clofibrate (such as ethyl2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propionate, for example ATROMID-S® Capsuleswhich are commercially available from Wyeth-Ayerst); gemfibrozil (suchas 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, for exampleLOPID® tablets which are commercially available from Parke Davis);ciprofibrate (C.A.S. Registry No. 52214-84-3, see U.S. Pat. No.3,948,973 which is incorporated herein by reference); bezafibrate(C.A.S. Registry No. 41859-67-0, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,781,328 which isincorporated herein by reference); clinofibrate (C.A.S. Registry No.30299-08-2, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,716,583 which is incorporated herein byreference); binifibrate (C.A.S. Registry No. 69047-39-8, see BE 884722which is incorporated herein by reference); lifibrol (C.A.S. RegistryNo. 96609-16-4); fenofibrate (such as TRICOR® micronized fenofibrate(2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl) phenoxy]-2-methyl-propanoic acid, 1-methylethylester) which is commercially available from Abbott Laboratories orLIPANTHYL® micronized fenofibrate which is commercially available fromLabortoire Founier, France) and mixtures thereof. These compounds can beused in a variety of forms, including but not limited to acid form, saltform, racemates, enantiomers, zwitterions and tautomers.

Other examples of PPARα activators useful with the practice of thepresent invention include suitable fluorophenyl compounds as disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,109 which is incorporated herein by reference;certain substituted phenylpropionic compounds as disclosed in WO00/75103 which is incorporated herein by reference; and PPARα activatorcompounds as disclosed in WO 98/43081 which is incorporated herein byreference.

Non-limiting examples of suitable PPARγ activators useful in thecompositions of the present invention include suitable derivatives ofglitazones or thiazolidinediones, such as, troglitazone (such asREZULIN® troglitazone(-5-[[4-[3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione)commercially available from Parke-Davis); rosiglitazone (such asAVANDIA® rosiglitazone maleate(-5-[[4-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione, (Z)-2-butenedioate) (1:1)commercially available from SmithKline Beecham) and pioglitazone (suchas ACTOS™ pioglitazone hydrochloride(5-[[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-]thiazolidinedione monohydrochloride) commercially available from TakedaPharmaceuticals). Other useful thiazolidinediones include ciglitazone,englitazone, darglitazone and BRL 49653 as disclosed in WO 98/05331;PPARγ activator compounds disclosed in WO 00/76488; and PPARγ activatorcompounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,554 which is incorporatedherein by reference.

Other useful PPARγ activator compounds include certain acetylphenols asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,859,051 which is incorporated herein byreference; certain quinoline phenyl compounds as disclosed in WO99/20275; aryl compounds as disclosed by WO 99/38845; certain1,4-disubstituted phenyl compounds as disclosed in WO 00/63161; certainaryl compounds as disclosed in WO 01/00579; benzoic acid compounds asdisclosed in WO 01/12612 and WO 01/12187; and substituted4-hydroxy-phenylalconic acid compounds as disclosed in WO 97/31907.

PPARδ compounds are useful for, among other things, loweringtriglyceride levels or raising HDL levels. Non-limiting examples ofsuitable PPARδ activators useful in the compositions of the presentinvention include suitable thiazole and oxazole derivates, such asC.A.S. Registry No. 317318-32-4, as disclosed in WO 01/00603; certainfluoro, chloro or thio phenoxy phenylacetic acids as disclosed in WO97/28149; suitable non-β-oxidizable fatty acid analogues as disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,093,365 which is incorporated herein by reference; andPPARδ activator compounds disclosed in WO 99/04815.

Moreover, compounds that have multiple functionality for activatingvarious combinations of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ also are useful incompositions of the present invention. Non-limiting examples includecertain substituted aryl compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.6,248,781 incorporated herein by reference; WO 00/23416; WO 00/23415; WO00/23425; WO 00/23445; WO 00/23451; and WO 00/63153, which are describedas being useful PPARα and/or PPARγ activator compounds. Othernon-limiting examples of useful PPARα and/or PPARγ activator compoundsinclude activator compounds as disclosed in WO 97/25042; activatorcompounds as disclosed in WO 00/63190; activator compounds as disclosedin WO 01/21181; biaryl-oxa(thia)zole compounds as disclosed in WO01/16120; activator compounds as disclosed in WO 00/63196 and WO00/63209; substituted 5-aryl-2,4-thiazolidinediones compounds asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,237 which is incorporated herein byreference; arylthiazolidinedione and aryloxazolidinedione compounds asdisclosed in WO 00/78312 and WO 00/78313G; GW2331 or(2-(4-[difluorophenyl]-1heptylureido)ethyl]phenoxy)-2-methylbutyriccompounds as disclosed in WO 98/05331; aryl compounds as disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 6,166,049 which is incorporated herein by reference;oxazole compounds as disclosed in WO 01/17994; and dithiolane compoundsas disclosed in WO 01/25225 and WO 01/25226.

Other useful PPAR activator compounds include substitutedbenzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione compounds as disclosed in WO 01/14349, WO01/14350 and WO/01/04351; mercaptocarboxylic compounds as disclosed inWO 00/50392; ascofuranone compounds as disclosed in WO 00/53563;carboxylic compounds as disclosed in WO 99/46232; compoundsas disclosedin WO 99/12534; benzene compounds as disclosed in WO 99/15520;o-anisamide compounds as disclosed in WO 01/21578; and PPAR activatorcompounds as disclosed in WO 01/40192.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(s) activator(s) areadministered in a therapeutically effective amount to treat thespecified condition, for example in a daily dose can range from about0.1 to about 1000 mg per day, preferably about 0.25 to about 50 mg/day,and more preferably about 10 mg per day, given in a single dose or 24divided doses. The exact dose, however, is determined by the attendingclinician and is dependent on such factors as the potency of thecompound administered, the age, weight, condition and response of thepatient.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” means that amount of atherapeutic agent of the composition, such as the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator(s), sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) and other pharmacological or therapeutic agents describedbelow, that will elicit a biological or medical response of a tissue,system, animal or mammal that is being sought by the administrator (suchas a researcher, doctor or veterinarian) which includes alleviation ofthe symptoms of the condition or disease being treated and theprevention, slowing or halting of progression of one or more conditions,for example vascular conditions, such as hyperlipidaemia (for exampleatherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia or sitosterolemia), vascularinflammation, stroke, diabetes, obesity and/or to reduce the level ofsterol(s) (such as cholesterol) in the plasma.

As used herein, “combination therapy” or “therapeutic combination” meansthe administration of two or more therapeutic agents, such as peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterol absorptioninhibitor(s), to prevent or treat a condition, for example a vascularcondition, such as hyperlipidaemia (for example atherosclerosis,hypercholesterolemia or sitosterolemia), vascular inflammation, stroke,diabetes, obesity and/or reduce the level of sterol(s) (such ascholesterol) in the plasma. As used herein, “vascular” comprisescardiovascular, cerebrovascular and combinations thereof. Thecompositions, combinations and treatments of the present invention canbe administered by any suitable means which produce contact of thesecompounds with the site of action in the body, for example in theplasma, liver or small intestine of a mammal or human. Suchadministration includes coadministration of these therapeutic agents ina substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single tablet orcapsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple,separate capsules for each therapeutic agent. Also, such administrationincludes use of each type of therapeutic agent in a sequential manner.In either case, the treatment using the combination therapy will providebeneficial effects in treating the condition. A potential advantage ofthe combination therapy disclosed herein may be a reduction in therequired amount of an individual therapeutic compound or the overalltotal amount of therapeutic compounds that are effective in treating thecondition. By using a combination of therapeutic agents, the sideeffects of the individual compounds can be reduced as compared to amonotherapy, which can improve patient compliance. Also, therapeuticagents can be selected to provide a broader range of complimentaryeffects or complimentary modes of action.

As discussed above, the compositions, pharmaceutical compositions andtherapeutic combinations of the present invention comprise one or moresubstituted azetidinone or substituted β-lactam sterol absorptioninhibitors discussed in detail below. As used herein, “sterol absorptioninhibitor” means a compound capable of inhibiting the absorption of oneor more sterols, including but not limited to cholesterol, phytosterols(such as sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and avenosterol),5α-stanols (such as cholestanol, 5×-campestanol, 5α-sitostanol), andmixtures thereof, when administered in a therapeutically effective(sterol absorption inhibiting) amount to a mammal or human.

In a preferred embodiment, sterol absorption inhibitors useful in thecompositions, therapeutic combinations and methods of the presentinvention are represented by Formula (I) below:

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (I) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (I), or prodrugs of the compounds ofFormula (I) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compounds ofFormula (I), wherein, in Formula (I) above:

Ar¹ and Ar² are independently selected from the group consisting of aryland R⁴-substituted aryl;

Ar³ is aryl or R⁵-substituted aryl;

X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(lower alkyl)- and —C(dilower alkyl)-;

R and R² are independently selected from the group consisting of —OR⁶,—O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR and —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷;

R¹ and R³ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl and aryl;

q is 0 or 1; r is 0 or 1; m, n and p are independently selected from 0,1, 2, 3 or 4; provided that at least one of q and r is 1, and the sum ofm, n, p, q and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and provided that when p is 0and r is 1, the sum of m, q and n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R⁴ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl, —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶,—CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, -(lower alkylene)COOR⁶, —CH═CH—COOR⁶, —CF₃, —CN,—NO₂ and halogen;

R⁵ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶, —CONR⁶R⁷,—COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷,-(lower alkylene)COOR⁶ and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and

R⁹ is lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl.

Preferably, R⁴ is 1-3 independently selected substituents, and R⁵ ispreferably 1-3 independently selected substituents.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” or “lower alkyl” means straight orbranched alkyl chains having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and “alkoxy” meansalkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of loweralkyl groups include, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butylgroups.

“Alkenyl” means straight or branched carbon chains having one or moredouble bonds in the chain, conjugated or unconjugated. Similarly,“alkynyl” means straight or branched carbon chains having one or moretriple bonds in the chain. Where an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl chainjoins two other variables and is therefore bivalent, the terms alkylene,alkenylene and alkynylene are used.

“Cycloalkyl” means a saturated carbon ring of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, while“cycloalkylene” refers to a corresponding bivalent ring, wherein thepoints of attachment to other groups include all positional isomers.

“Halogeno” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine radicals.

“Aryl” means phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl or indanyl.

“Phenylene” means a bivalent phenyl group, including ortho, meta andpara-substitution.

The statements wherein, for example, R, R¹, R² and R³, are said to beindependently selected from a group of substituents, mean that R, R¹, R²and R³ are independently selected, but also that where an R, R¹, R² andR³ variable occurs more than once in a molecule, each occurrence isindependently selected (e.g., if R is —OR⁶, wherein R⁶ is hydrogen, R²can be —OR⁶ wherein R⁶ is lower alkyl). Those skilled in the art willrecognize that the size and nature of the substituent(s) will affect thenumber of substituents that can be present.

Compounds of the invention have at least one asymmetrical carbon atomand therefore all isomers, including enantiomers, stereoisomers,rotamers, tautomers and racemates of the compounds of Formula (I-XI)(where they exist) are contemplated as being part of this invention. Theinvention includes d and I isomers in both pure form and in admixture,including racemic mixtures. Isomers can be prepared using conventionaltechniques, either by reacting optically pure or optically enrichedstarting materials or by separating isomers of a compound of theFormulae I-XI. Isomers may also include geometric isomers, e.g., when adouble bond is present.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for some of the compoundsof the Formulae I-XI, one isomer will show greater pharmacologicalactivity than other isomers.

Compounds of the invention with an amino group can form pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts with organic and inorganic acids. Examples of suitableacids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic,citric, oxalic, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, succinic, ascorbic,maleic, methanesulfonic and other mineral and carboxylic acids wellknown to those in the art. The salt is prepared by contacting the freebase form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce asalt. The free base form may be regenerated by treating the salt with asuitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodiumbicarbonate. The free base form differs from its respective salt formsomewhat in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polarsolvents, but the salt is otherwise equivalent to its respective freebase forms for purposes of the invention.

Certain compounds of the invention are acidic (e.g., those compoundswhich possess a carboxyl group). These compounds form pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts with inorganic and organic bases. Examples of suchsalts are the sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, gold and silversalts. Also included are salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptableamines such as ammonia, alkyl amines, hydroxyalkylamines,N-methylglucamine and the like.

As used herein, “solvate” means a molecular or ionic complex ofmolecules or ions of solvent with those of solute (for example, one ormore compounds of Formulae I-XI, isomers of the compounds of FormulaeI-XI, or prodrugs of the compounds of Formulae I-XI). Non-limitingexamples of useful solvents include polar, protic solvents such as waterand/or alcohols (for example methanol).

As used herein, “prodrug” means compounds that are drug precursorswhich, following administration to a patient, release the drug in vivovia some chemical or physiological process (e.g., a prodrug on beingbrought to the physiological pH or through enzyme action is converted tothe desired drug form).

Preferred compounds of Formula (I) are those in which Ar¹ is phenyl orR⁴-substituted phenyl, more preferably (4-R⁴)-substituted phenyl. Ar² ispreferably phenyl or R⁴-substituted phenyl, more preferably(4-R⁴)-substituted phenyl. Ar³ is preferably R⁵-substituted phenyl, morepreferably (4-R⁵)-substituted phenyl. When Ar¹ is (4-R⁴)-substitutedphenyl, R⁴ is preferably a halogen. When Ar² and Ar³ are R⁴- andR⁵-substituted phenyl, respectively, R⁴ is preferably halogen or —OR⁶and R⁵ is preferably —OR⁶, wherein R⁶ is lower alkyl or hydrogen.Especially preferred are compounds wherein each of Ar¹ and Ar² is4-fluorophenyl and Ar³ is 4-hydroxyphenyl or 4-methoxyphenyl.

X, Y and Z are each preferably —CH₂—. R¹ and R³ are each preferablyhydrogen. R and R² are preferably —OR⁶ wherein R⁶ is hydrogen, or agroup readily metabolizable to a hydroxyl (such as —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹and —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, defined above).

The sum of m, n, p, q and r is preferably 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 3.Preferred are compounds wherein m, n and r are each zero, q is 1 and pis 2.

Also preferred are compounds of Formula (I) in which p, q and n are eachzero, r is 1 and m is 2 or 3. More preferred are compounds wherein m, nand r are each zero, q is 1, p is 2, Z is —CH₂— and R is —OR⁶,especially when R⁶ is hydrogen.

Also more preferred are compounds of Formula (I) wherein p, q and n areeach zero, r is 1, m is 2, X is —CH₂— and R² is —OR⁶, especially when R⁶is hydrogen.

Another group of preferred compounds of Formula (I) is that in which Ar¹is phenyl or R⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar² is phenyl or R⁴-substitutedphenyl and Ar³ is R⁵-substituted phenyl. Also preferred are compounds inwhich Ar¹ is phenyl or R⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar² is phenyl orR⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar³ is R⁵-substituted phenyl, and the sum of m,n, p, q and r is 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 3. More preferred arecompounds wherein Ar¹ is phenyl or R⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar² is phenylor R⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar³ is R⁵-substituted phenyl, and wherein m, nand r are each zero, q is 1 and p is 2, or wherein p, q and n are eachzero, r is 1 and m is 2 or 3.

In a preferred embodiment, a sterol inhibitor of Formula (I) useful inthe compositions, therapeutic combinations and methods of the presentinvention is represented by Formula (II) (ezetimibe) below:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the compound ofFormula (II), or prodrugs of the compound of Formula (II) or of thesalts or solvates of the compound of Formula (II).

Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by a variety of methods well knowto those skilled in the art, for example such as are disclosed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,631,365, 5,767,115, 5,846,966, 6,207,822, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 60/279,288 filed Mar. 28, 2001, and PCT PatentApplication WO 93/02048, each of which is incorporated herein byreference, and in the Example below. For example, suitable compounds ofFormula I can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of:

(a) treating with a strong base a lactone of the Formula A or B:

wherein R′ and R²′ are R and R², respectively, or are suitably protectedhydroxy groups; Ar¹⁰ is Ar¹, a suitably protected hydroxy-substitutedaryl or a suitably protected amino-substituted aryl; and the remainingvariables are as defined above for Formula I, provided that in lactoneof formula B, when n and r are each zero, p is 1-4;

(b) reacting the product of step (a) with an imine of the formula

wherein Ar²⁰ is Ar², a suitably protected hydroxy-substituted aryl or asuitably protected amino-substituted aryl; and Ar³⁰ is Ar³, suitablyprotected hydroxy-substituted aryl or a suitably protectedamino-substituted aryl;

c) quenching the reaction with an acid;

d) optionally removing the protecting groups from R′, R²′, Ar¹⁰, Ar²⁰and Ar³⁰, when present; and

e) optionally functionalizing hydroxy or amino substituents at R, R²,Ar¹, Ar² and Ar³.

Using the lactones shown above, compounds of Formula IA and IB areobtained as follows:

wherein the variables are as defined above; and

wherein the variables are as defined above.

Alternative sterol absorption inhibitors useful in the compositions,therapeutic combinations and methods of the present invention arerepresented by Formula (III) below:

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (III), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (III) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (III), or prodrugs of the compoundsof Formula (III) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compoundsof Formula (III), wherein, in Formula (III) above:

Ar¹ is R₃-substituted aryl;

Ar² is R⁴-substituted aryl;

Ar³ is R⁵-substituted aryl;

Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—,—CH(lower alkyl)- and —C(dilower alkyl)-;

A is selected from —O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹and —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷; R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,lower alkyl and aryl; or R and R together are ═O;

q is 1, 2 or 3;

p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

R⁵ is 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁹, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂-lower alkyl,—NR⁶SO₂-aryl, —CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂-alkyl, S(O)₀₋₂-aryl,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, o-halogeno, m-halogeno, o-loweralkyl, m-lower alkyl, -(lower alkylene)-COOR⁶, and —CH═CH—COOR;

R³ and R⁴ are independently 1-3 substituents independently selected fromthe group consisting of R⁵, hydrogen, p-lower alkyl, aryl, —NO₂, —CF₃and p-halogeno;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and R⁹ islower alkyl, aryl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl.

Preferred compounds of Formula I include those in which Ar¹ isR³-substituted phenyl, especially (4-R³)-substituted phenyl. Ar² ispreferably R⁴-substituted phenyl, especially (4-R⁴)-substituted phenyl.Ar³ is preferably R⁵-substituted phenyl, especially (4-R⁵)-substitutedphenyl. Mono-substitution of each of Ar¹, Ar² and Ar³ is preferred.

Y and Z are each preferably —CH₂—. R² is preferably hydrogen. R¹ ispreferably —OR⁶ wherein R⁶ is hydrogen, or a group readily metabolizableto a hydroxyl (such as —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹ and —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, definedabove). Also preferred are compounds wherein R¹ and R² together are ═O.

The sum of q and p is preferably 1 or 2, more preferably 1. Preferredare compounds wherein p is zero and q is 1. More preferred are compoundswherein p is zero, q is 1, Y is —CH₂— and R¹ is —OR⁶, especially when R⁶is hydrogen.

Another group of preferred compounds is that in which Ar¹ isR³-substituted phenyl, Ar² is R⁴-substituted phenyl and Ar³ isR⁵-substituted phenyl.

Also preferred are compounds wherein Ar¹ is R³-substituted phenyl, Ar²is R⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar³ is R⁵-substituted phenyl, and the sum of pand q is 1 or 2, especially 1. More preferred are compounds wherein Ar¹is R³-substituted phenyl, Ar² is R⁴-substituted phenyl, Ar³ isR⁵-substituted phenyl, p is zero and q is 1.

A is preferably —O—.

R³ is preferably —COOR⁶, —CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂-alkyl,S(O)₀₋₂-aryl, NO₂ or halogeno. A more preferred definition for R³ ishalogeno, especially fluoro or chloro.

R⁴ is preferably hydrogen, lower alkyl, —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹,—O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷, COR⁶ or halogeno, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are preferablyindependently hydrogen or lower alkyl, and R⁹ is preferably lower alkyl.A more preferred definition for R⁴ is hydrogen or halogeno, especiallyfluoro or chloro.

R⁵ is preferably —OR⁶, —O(CO)R₆, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CO)NR₆R⁷, —NR⁶R⁷, -(loweralkylene)-COOR⁶ or —CH═CH—COOR⁶, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are preferablyindependently hydrogen or lower alkyl, and R⁹ is preferably lower alkyl.A more preferred definition for R⁵ is —OR⁶, -(lower alkylene)—COOR⁶ or—CH═CH—COOR⁶, wherein R⁶ is preferably hydrogen or lower alkyl.

Methods for making compounds of Formula III are well known to thoseskilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable methods aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,990, which is incorporated herein byreference.

In another embodiment, sterol absorption inhibitors useful in thecompositions, therapeutic combinations and methods of the presentinvention are represented by Formula (IV):

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (IV), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (IV) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (IV), or prodrugs of the compoundsof Formula (IV) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compounds ofFormula (IV), wherein, in Formula (IV) above:

A is selected from the group consisting of R²-substitutedheterocycloalkyl, R²-substituted heteroaryl, R²-substituted benzofusedheterocycloalkyl, and R²-substituted benzofused heteroaryl;

Ar¹ is aryl or R³-substituted aryl;

Ar² is aryl or R⁴-substituted aryl;

Q is a bond or, with the 3-position ring carbon of the azetidinone,forms the spiro group

and

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   —(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 2-6, provided that when Q forms a        spiro ring, q can also be zero or 1;    -   —(CH₂)_(e)—G—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein G is —O—, —C(O)—, phenylene,        —NR⁸— or —S(O)₀₋₂—, e is 0-5 and r is 0-5, provided that the sum        of e and r is 1-6;    -   —(C₂-C₆ alkenylene)-; and    -   —(CH₂)_(f)—V—(CH₂)_(g)—, wherein V is C₃-C₆ cycloalkylene, f is        1-5 and g is 0-5, provided that the sum of f and g is 1-6;

R⁵ is selected from:

R⁶ and R⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—,—CH(C₁-C₆ alkyly, —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl), —CH═CH— and —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—;or R⁵ together with an adjacent R⁶, or R⁵ together with an adjacent R⁷,form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-group;

a and b are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;provided that when R⁶ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, a is 1;provided that when R⁷ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, b is 1;provided that when a is 2 or 3, the R⁶'s can be the same or different;and provided that when b is 2 or 3, the R⁷'s can be the same ordifferent;

and when Q is a bond, R¹ also can be selected from:

where M is —O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;

X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)- and —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl);

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of—OR¹⁴, —O(CO)R¹⁴, —O(CO)OR¹⁶ and —O(CO)NR¹⁴R¹⁵;

R¹¹ and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and aryl; or R¹⁰ and R¹¹ together are ═O, or R¹²and R¹³ together are ═O;

d is 1, 2 or 3;

h is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

s is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; m, n and p are independently 0-4; providedthat at least one of s and t is 1, and the sum of m, n, p, s and t is1-6; provided that when p is 0 and t is 1, the sum of m, s and n is 1-5;and provided that when p is 0 and s is 1, the sum of m, t and n is 1-5;

v is 0 or 1;

j and k are independently 1-5, provided that the sum of j, k and v is1-5;

R² is 1-3 substituents on the ring carbon atoms selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, (C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, (C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkenyl, R¹⁷-substituted aryl,R¹⁷-substituted benzyl, R¹⁷-substituted benzyloxy, R¹⁷-substitutedaryloxy, halogeno, —N¹⁴R¹⁵, NR¹⁴R¹⁵(C₁-C₆ alkylene)-, NR¹⁴R¹⁵C(O)(C₁-C₆alkylene)-, —NHC(O)R¹⁶, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —OC(O)R¹⁶, —COR¹⁴,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, NO₂, —S(O)₀₋₂R¹⁶,—SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵ and —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)COOR¹⁴; when R² is a substituent on aheterocycloalkyl ring, R² is as defined, or is ═O or

and, where R² is a substituent on a substitutable ring nitrogen, it ishydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, aryloxy,(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, hydroxy, —(CH₂)₁₋₆CONR¹⁸R¹⁸,

wherein J is —O—, —NH—, —NR¹⁸— or —CH₂—;

R³ and R⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1-3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —OR¹⁴, —O(CO)R¹⁴, —O(CO)OR¹⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR¹⁴,—O(CO)NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴(CO)R¹⁵, —NR¹⁴(CO)OR¹⁶, —NR¹⁴(CO)NR¹⁵R¹⁹,—NR¹⁴SO₂R¹⁶, —COOR¹⁴, —CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —COR¹⁴, —SO₂NR¹⁴R¹⁵, S(O)₀₋₂R¹⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR¹⁴, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR¹⁴R¹⁵, —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)—COOR¹⁴,—CH═CH—COOR¹⁴, —CF₃, —CN₃, —NO₂ and halogen;

R⁸ is hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl (C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)R¹⁴ or —COOR¹⁴;

R⁹ and R¹⁷ are independently 1-3 groups independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂,—NR¹⁴R¹⁵, OH and halogeno;

R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R¹⁶ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl or R¹⁷-substituted aryl;

R¹⁸ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; and

R¹⁹ is hydrogen, hydroxy or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

As used in Formula (IV) above, “A” is preferably an R²-substituted,6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms.Preferred heterocycloalkyl rings are piperidinyl, piperazinyl andmorpholinyl groups. The ring “A” is preferably joined to the phenyl ringthrough a ring nitrogen. Preferred R² substituents are hydrogen andlower alkyl. R¹⁹ is preferably hydrogen.

Ar² is preferably phenyl or R⁴-phenyl, especially (4-R⁴)-substitutedphenyl. Preferred definitions of R⁴ are lower alkoxy, especiallymethoxy, and halogeno, especially fluoro.

Ar¹ is preferably phenyl or R³-substituted phenyl, especially(4-R³)-substituted phenyl.

There are several preferred definitions for the —R¹—Q— combination ofvariables:

Q is a bond and R¹ is lower alkylene, preferably propylene;

Q is a spiro group as defined above, wherein preferably R⁶ and R⁷ areeach ethylene and R⁵ is

Q is a bond and R¹ is

wherein the variables are chosen such that R¹ is —O—CH₂—CH(OH)—;

Q is a bond and R¹ is

wherein the variables are chosen such that R¹ is —CH(OH)—(CH₂)₂—; and

Q is a bond and R¹ is

wherein the variables are chosen such that R¹ is —CH(OH)—CH₂—S(O)₀₋₂.

Methods for making compounds of Formula IV are well known to thoseskilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable methods aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,624, which is incorporated herein byreference.

In another embodiment, sterol absorption inhibitors useful in thecompositions, therapeutic combinations and methods of the presentinvention are represented by Formula (V):

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (V), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (V) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (V), or prodrugs of the compounds ofFormula (V) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compounds ofFormula (V), wherein, in Formula (V) above:

Ar¹ is aryl, R¹⁰-substituted aryl or heteroaryl;

Ar² is aryl or R⁴-substituted aryl;

Ar³ is aryl or R⁵-substituted aryl;

X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—,—CH(lower alkyl)- and —C(dilower alkyl)-;

R is —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹ or —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷; R¹ is hydrogen, loweralkyl or aryl; or R and R¹ together are ═O;

q is 0 or 1;

r is 0, 1 or 2;

m and n are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; provided that the sum ofm, n and q is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R⁴ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl, —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶,—CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, —SO₂NR⁶R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀-COOR⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, -(lower alkylene)COOR⁶ and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R⁵ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶R⁸,—NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶, —CONR⁶R⁷,—COR⁶, —SO₂NR₆R⁷, S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷,—CF₃, —CN, —NO₂, halogen, -(lower alkylene)COOR and —CH═CH—COOR⁶;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted lower alkyl;

R⁹ is lower alkyl, aryl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and

R¹⁰ is 1-5 substituents independently selected from the group consistingof lower alkyl, —OR⁶, —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR⁶, —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷,—NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)R⁷, —NR⁶(CO)OR⁹, —NR⁶(CO)NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶SO₂R⁹, —COOR⁶,—CONR⁶R⁷, —COR⁶, SO₂NR⁶R⁷, —S(O)₀₋₂R⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR⁶,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR⁶R⁷, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen.

Within the scope of Formula V, there are included two preferredstructures. In Formula VA, q is zero and the remaining variables are asdefined above, and in Formula VB, q is 1 and the remaining variables areas defined above:

R⁴, R⁵ and R¹⁰ are each preferably 1-3 independently selectedsubstituents as set forth above. Preferred are compounds of Formula (V)wherein Ar¹ is phenyl, R¹⁰-substituted phenyl or thienyl, especially(4-R¹⁰)-substituted phenyl or thienyl. Ar² is preferably R⁴-substitutedphenyl, especially (4-R⁴)-substituted phenyl. Ar³ is preferably phenylor R₅-substituted phenyl, especially (4-R₅)-substituted phenyl. When Ar¹is R¹⁰-substituted phenyl, R¹⁰ is preferably halogeno, especiallyfluoro. When Ar² is R⁴-substituted phenyl, R⁴ is preferably —OR⁶,especially wherein R⁶ is hydrogen or lower alkyl. When Ar³ isR⁵-substituted phenyl, R⁵ is preferably halogeno, especially fluoro.Especially preferred are compounds of Formula (V) wherein Ar¹ is phenyl,4-fluorophenyl or thienyl, Ar² is 4-(alkoxy or hydroxy)phenyl, and Ar³is phenyl or 4-fluorophenyl.

X and Y are each preferably —CH₂—. The sum of m, n and q is preferably2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2. When q is 1, n is preferably 1 to 5.

Preferences for X, Y, Ar¹, Ar² and Ar³ are the same in each of Formulae(VA) and (VB).

In compounds of Formula (VA), the sum of m and n is preferably 2, 3 or4, more preferably 2. Also preferred are compounds wherein the sum of mand n is 2, and r is 0 or 1.

In compounds of Formula (VB), the sum of m and n is preferably 1, 2 or3, more preferably 1. Especially preferred are compounds wherein m iszero and n is 1. R¹ is preferably hydrogen and R is preferably —OR⁶wherein R⁶ is hydrogen, or a group readily metabolizable to a hydroxyl(such as —O(CO)R⁶, —O(CO)OR⁹ and —O(CO)NR⁶R⁷, defined above), or R andR¹ together form a ═O group.

Methods for making compounds of Formula V are well known to thoseskilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable methods aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,920, which is incorporated herein byreference.

In another embodiment, sterol absorption inhibitors useful in thecompositions, therapeutic combinations and methods of the presentinvention are represented by Formula (VI):

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (VI), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (VI) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (VI), or prodrugs of the compoundsof Formula (VI) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compounds ofFormula (VI), wherein:

R₁ is

R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of:—CH₂—, —CH(lower alkyl)-, —C(di-lower alkyl)-, —CH═CH— and —C(loweralkyl)═CH—; or R₁ together with an adjacent R₂, or R₁ together with anadjacent R₃, form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(lower alkyl)- group;

u and v are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;provided that when R₂ is —CH═CH— or —C(lower alkyl)═CH—, v is 1;provided that when R₃ is —CH═CH— or —C(lower alkyl)═CH—, u is 1;provided that when v is 2 or 3, the R₂'s can be the same or different;and provided that when u is 2 or 3, the R₃'s can be the same ordifferent;

R₄ is selected from B—(CH₂)_(m)C(O)—, wherein m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;B—(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;B—(CH₂)_(e)—Z—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein Z is —O—, —C(O)—, phenylene, —N(R₈)—or —S(O)₀₋₂—, e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,provided that the sum of e and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; B—(C₂-C₆alkenylene)-; B—(C₄-C₆ alkadienylene)-; B—(CH₂)_(t)—Z—(C₂-C₆alkenylene), wherein Z is as defined above, and wherein t is 0, 1, 2 or3, provided that the sum of t and the number of carbon atoms in thealkenylene chain is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; B—(CH₂)_(f)—V—(CH₂)_(g)—, wherein Vis C₃-C₆ cycloalkylene, f is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and g is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or5, provided that the sum of f and g is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;B—(CH₂)_(t)—V—(C₂-C₆ alkenylene) or B—(C₂-C₆ alkenylene)—V—(CH₂)_(t)—,wherein V and t are as defined above, provided that the sum of t and thenumber of carbon atoms in the alkenylene chain is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;B—(CH₂)_(a)—Z—(CH₂)_(b)—V—(CH₂)_(d)—, wherein Z and V are as definedabove and a, b and d are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, providedthat the sum of a, b and d is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; or T—(CH₂)_(s)—,wherein T is cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms and s is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or6; or

R₁ and R₄ together form the group

B is selected from indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl,heteroaryl or W-substituted heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is selectedfrom the group consisting of pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyrazinyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl,oxazolyl and furanyl, and for nitrogen-containing heteroaryls, theN-oxides thereof, or

W is 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, lower alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, (loweralkoxyimino)-lower alkyl, lower alkanedioyl, lower alkyl loweralkanedioyl, allyloxy, —CF₃, —OCF₃, benzyl, R₇-benzyl, benzyloxy,R₇-benzyloxy, phenoxy, R₇-phenoxy, dioxolanyl, NO₂, —N(R₈)(R₉),N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylene-, N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylenyloxy-, OH, halogeno,—CN, —N₃, —NHC(O)OR₁₀, —NHC(O)R₁₀, R₁₁O₂SNH—, (R₁₁O₂S)₂N—, —S(O)₂NH₂,—S(O)₀₋₂R₈, tert-butyldimethyl-silyloxymethyl, —C(O)R₁₂, —COOR₁₉,—CON(R₈)(R₉), —CH═CHC(O)R₁₂, -lower alkylene-C(O)R₁₂, R₁₀C(O)(loweralkylenyloxy)-, N(R₈)(R₉)C(O)(lower alkylenyloxy)- and

for substitution on ring carbon atoms, and the substituents on thesubstituted heteroaryl ring nitrogen atoms, when present, are selectedfrom the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —C(O)OR₁₀,—C(O)R₁₀, OH, N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylene-, N(R₈)(R₉)-lower alkylenyloxy-,—S(O)₂NH₂ and 2-(trimethylsilyl)-ethoxymethyl;

R₇ is 1-3 groups independently selected from the group consisting oflower alkyl, lower alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂, —N(R₈)(R₉), OH, and halogeno;

R₈ and R₉ are independently selected from H or lower alkyl;

R₁₀ is selected from lower alkyl, phenyl, R₇-phenyl, benzyl orR₇-benzyl;

R₁₁ is selected from OH, lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, R₇-phenyl orR₇-benzyl;

R₁₂ is selected from H, OH, alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy,

—N(R₈)(R₉), lower alkyl, phenyl or R₇-phenyl;

R₁₃ is selected from —O—, —CH₂—, —NH—, —N(lower alkyl)- or —NC(O)R₁₉;

R₁₅, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are independently selected from the group consisting ofH and the groups defined for W; or R₁₅ is hydrogen and R₁₆ and R₁₇,together with adjacent carbon atoms to which they are attached, form adioxolanyl ring;

R₁₉ is H, lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl; and

R₂₀ and R₂₁ are independently selected from the group consisting ofphenyl, W-substituted phenyl, naphthyl, W-substituted naphthyl, indanyl,indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, benzodioxolyl, heteroaryl, W-substitutedheteroaryl, benzofused heteroaryl, W-substituted benzofused heteroaryland cyclopropyl, wherein heteroaryl is as defined above.

One group of preferred compounds of Formula VI is that in which R21 isselected from phenyl, W-substituted phenyl, indanyl, benzofuranyl,benzodioxolyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,quinolyl or cyclopropyl,

wherein W is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, OH, halogeno, —N(R₈)(R₉),—NHC(O)OR₁₀, —NHC(O)R₁₀, NO₂, —CN, —N₃, —SH, —S(O)₀₋₂-(lower alkyl),—COOR₁₉, —CON(R₈)(R₉), —COR₁₂, phenoxy, benzyloxy, —OCF₃, —CH═C(O)R₁₂ ortert-butyldimethylsilyloxy, wherein R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₂ and R₁₉ are asdefined for Formula IV. When W is 2 or 3 substituents, the substituentscan be the same or different.

Another group of preferred compounds of Formula VI is that in which R₂₀is phenyl or W-substituted phenyl, wherein preferred meanings of W areas defined above for preferred definitions of R₂₁.

More preferred are compounds of Formula VI wherein R₂₀ is phenyl orW-substituted phenyl and R₂₁ is phenyl, W-substituted phenyl, indanyl,benzofuranyl, benzodioxolyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, quinolyl or cyclopropyl; W is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy,OH, halogeno, —N(R₈)(R₉), —NHC(O)OR₁₀, —NHC(O)R₁₀, NO₂, —CN, —N₃, —SH,—S(O)₀₋₂-(lower alkyl), —COOR₁₉, —CON(R₈)(R₉), —COR₁₂, phenoxy,benzyloxy, —CH═CHC(O)R₁₂, —OCF₃ or tert-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxy, whereinwhen W is 2 or 3 substituents, the substituents can be the same ordifferent, and wherein R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₂ and R₁₉ are as defined inFormula VI.

Also preferred are compounds of Formula VI wherein R₁ is

Another group of preferred compounds of Formula VI is in which R₂ and R₃are each —CH₂— and the sum of u and v is 2, 3 or 4, with u=v=2 beingmore preferred.

R₄ is preferably B—(CH₂)_(q)— or B—(CH₂)_(e)—Z—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein B, Z,q, e and r are as defined above. B is preferably

wherein R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each hydrogen and wherein R₁₅ is preferably H,OH, lower alkoxy, especially methoxy, or halogeno, especially chloro.

Preferably Z is —O—, e is 0, and r is 0.

Preferably q is 0-2.

R₂₀ is preferably phenyl or W-substituted phenyl.

Preferred W substituents for R₂₀ are lower alkoxy, especially methoxyand ethoxy, OH, and —C(O)R₁₂, wherein R₁₂ is preferably lower alkoxy.

Preferably R₂₁ is selected from phenyl, lower alkoxy-substituted phenyland F-phenyl.

Especially preferred are compounds of Formula VI wherein R₁ is

or

R₂ and R₃ are each —CH₂—, u=v=2, R₄ is B—(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein B is phenylor phenyl substituted by lower alkoxy or chloro, q is 0-2, R₂₀ isphenyl, OH-phenyl, lower alkoxy-substituted phenyl or loweralkoxycarbonyl-substituted phenyl, and R₂₁ is phenyl, loweralkoxy-substituted phenyl or F-phenyl.

Methods for making compounds of Formula VI are well known to thoseskilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable methods aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,548, which is incorporated herein byreference.

In another embodiment, sterol inhibitors useful in the compositions,therapeutic combinations and methods of the present invention arerepresented by Formula (VII):

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (VII), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (VII) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (VII), or prodrugs of the compoundsof Formula (VII) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compoundsof Formula (VII), wherein in Formula (VII) above:

A is —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or —(CH₂)_(p)— wherein p is 0, 1 or 2;

B is

E is C₁₀ to C₂₀ alkyl or —C(O)—(C₉ to C₁₉)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl isstraight or branched, saturated or containing one or more double bonds;

R is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₅ alkyl, straight or branched, saturated orcontaining one or more double bonds, or B—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein r is 0, 1,2, or 3;

R₁, R₂, and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, NO₂, NH₂, OH, halogeno,lower alkylamino, dilower alkylamino, —NHC(O)OR₅, R₆O₂SNH— and—S(O)₂NH₂;

R₄ is

wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

R₅ is lower alkyl; and

R₆ is OH, lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or substituted phenyl wherein thesubstituents are 1-3 groups independently selected from the groupconsisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxy, NO₂, NH₂, OH,halogeno, lower alkylamino and dilower alkylamino.

Preferred compounds of Formula (VII) are those wherein R is hydrogen,methyl, ethyl, phenyl or phenylpropyl. Another group of preferredcompounds of Formula (VII) is that wherein R₄ is p-methoxyphenyl or2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl. Still another group of preferred compounds ofFormula (VII) is that wherein A is ethylene or a bond. Yet another groupof preferred compounds of Formula (VII) is that wherein E is decyl,oleoyl or 7-Z-hexadecenyl. Preferably R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each hydrogen.

More preferred compounds of Formula (VII) are those wherein R ishydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl or phenylpropyl; R₄ is p-methoxyphenylor 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl; A is ethylene or a bond; E is decyl, oleoylor 7-Z-hexadecenyl; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each hydrogen.

A preferred compound of Formula (VII) is that wherein E is decyl, R ishydrogen, B-A is phenyl and R₄ is p-methoxyphenyl.

In another embodiment, sterol inhibitors useful in the compositions andmethods of the present invention are represented by Formula (VIII):

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (VIII), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (VIII) or ofthe isomers of the compounds of Formula (VIII), or prodrugs of thecompounds of Formula (VIII) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of thecompounds of Formula (VIII), wherein, in Formula (VIII) above,

R²⁶ is H or OG¹;

G and G¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of

provided that when R²⁶ is H or OH, G is not H;

R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OH, halogeno, —NH₂, azido, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy or —W—R³⁰;

W is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH—C(O)—,—O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—N(R³¹)—, —NH—C(O)—N(R³¹)— and —O—C(S)—N(R³¹)—;

R² and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(3a) and R^(4a) are independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)(C₁-C₆)alkyland —C(O)aryl;

R³⁰ is selected from the group consisting of R³²-substituted T,R³²-substituted-T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, R³²-substituted-(C₂-C₄)alkenyl,R³²-substituted-(C₁-C₆)alkyl, R³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl andR³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³¹ is selected from the group consisting of H and (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

T is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, furyl, thienyl,pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, iosthiazolyl, benzothiazolyl,thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl and pyridyl;

R³² is independently selected from 1-3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogeno, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —OH,phenoxy, —CF₃, —NO₂, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, methylenedioxy, oxo,(C₁-C₄)alkylsulfanyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonyl,—N(CH₃)₂, —C(O)—NH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—N((C₁-C₄)alkyl)₂,—C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy and pyrrolidinylcarbonyl; or R³²is a covalent bond and R³¹, the nitrogen to which it is attached and R³²form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, N-methyl-piperazinyl, indolinyl ormorpholinyl group, or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl-substituted pyrrolidinyl,piperidinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolinyl or morpholinyl group;

Ar¹ is aryl or R¹⁰-substituted aryl;

Ar² is aryl or R¹¹-substituted aryl;

Q is a bond or, with the 3-position ring carbon of the azetidinone,forms the spiro group

and

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

-   -   —(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 2-6, provided that when Q forms a        spiro ring, q can also be zero or 1;    -   —(CH₂)_(e)—E—(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein E is —O—, —C(O)—, phenylene,        —NR²²— or —S(O)₀₋₂—, e is 0-5 and r is 0-5, provided that the        sum of e and r is 1-6;    -   —(C₂-C₆)alkenylene-; and    -   —(CH₂)_(f)—V—(CH₂)_(g)—, wherein V is C₃-C₆ cycloalkylene, f is        1-5 and g is 0-5, provided that the sum of f and g is 1-6;

R¹² is

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of

—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl), —CH═CH— and —C(C₁-C₆alkyl)═CH—; or R¹² together with an adjacent R¹³, or R¹² together withan adjacent R¹⁴, form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-group;

a and b are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;

provided that when R¹³ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, a is 1;

provided that when R¹⁴ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, b is 1;

provided that when a is 2 or 3, the R¹³'s can be the same or different;and

provided that when b is 2 or 3, the R¹⁴'s can be the same or different;

and when Q is a bond, R¹ also can be:

M is —O—, —S—, —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—;

X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆)alkyl- and —C(di-(C₁-C₆)alkyl);

R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1-3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —OR¹⁹, —O(CO)R¹⁹, —O(CO)OR²¹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR¹⁹,—O(CO)NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)OR²¹, —NR¹⁹(CO)NR²OR²⁵,—NR¹⁹SO₂R²¹, —COOR¹⁹, —CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —COR¹⁹, —SO₂NR¹⁹R²⁰, S(O)₀₋₂R²¹,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR¹⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)—COOR¹⁹,—CH═CH—COOR¹⁹, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of—OR¹⁹, —O(CO)R¹⁹, —O(CO)OR²¹ and —O(CO)NR¹⁹R²⁰;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl and aryl; or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ together are ═O, or R¹⁷ and R¹⁸together are ═O;

d is 1, 2 or 3;

h is 0, 1,2, 3 or 4;

s is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; m, n and p are independently 0-4;

provided that at least one of s and t is 1, and the sum of m, n, p, sand t is 1-6;

provided that when p is 0 and t is 1, the sum of m, s and n is 1-5; andprovided that when p is 0 and s is 1, the sum of m, t and n is 1-5;

v is 0 or 1;

j and k are independently 1-5, provided that the sum of j, k and v is1-5;

and when Q is a bond and R¹ is

Ar¹ can also be pyridyl, isoxazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridazinyl;

R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R²¹ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl or R²⁴-substituted aryl;

R²² is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl (C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)R¹⁹ or —COOR¹⁹;

R²³ and R²⁴ are independently 1-3 groups independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂,—NR¹⁹R²⁰, —OH and halogeno; and

R²⁵ is H, —OH or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

Ar² is preferably phenyl or R¹¹-phenyl, especially (4-R¹¹)-substitutedphenyl. Preferred definitions of R¹¹ are lower alkoxy, especiallymethoxy, and halogeno, especially fluoro.

Ar¹ is preferably phenyl or R¹⁰-substituted phenyl, especially(4-R¹⁰)-substituted phenyl. Preferably R¹⁰ is halogeno, and morepreferably fluoro.

There are several preferred definitions for the —R¹—Q— combination ofvariables:

Q is a bond and R¹ is lower alkylene, preferably propylene;

Q is a spiro group as defined above, wherein preferably R¹³ and R¹⁴ areeach ethylene and R¹² is

and R¹ is —(CH₂)_(q) wherein q is 0-6;

Q is a bond and R¹ is

wherein the variables are chosen such that R¹ is —O—CH₂—CH(OH)—;

Q is a bond and R¹

wherein the is variables are chosen such that R¹ is —CH(OH)—(CH₂)₂—; and

Q is a bond and R¹ is

wherein the variables are chosen such that R¹ is —CH(OH)—CH₂—S(O)₀₋₂—.

A preferred compound of Formula (VIII) therefore, is one wherein G andG¹ are as defined above and in which the remaining variables have thefollowing definitions:

Ar¹ is phenyl or R¹⁰-substituted phenyl, wherein R¹⁰ is halogeno;

Ar² is phenyl or R¹¹-phenyl, wherein R¹¹ is 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkoxy andhalogeno;

Q is a bond and R¹ is lower alkylene; Q, with the 3-position ring carbonof the azetidinone, forms the group

wherein preferably R¹³ and R¹⁴ are each ethylene and a and b are each 1,and wherein R¹² is

Q is a bond and R¹ is —O—CH₂—CH(OH)-; Q is a bond and R¹ is—CH(OH)—(CH₂)₂—; or Q is a bond and R¹ is —CH(OH)—CH₂—S(O)₀₋₂—.

Preferred variables for G and G¹ groups of the formulae

are as follows:

R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, benzyl and acetyl.

Preferred variables for group G or G¹ of the formula:

are as follows:

R³, R^(3a), R⁴ and R^(4a) are selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, benzyl and acetyl;

R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OH, halogeno, —NH₂, azido, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy and —W—R³⁰,

wherein W is —O—C(O)— or —O—C(O)—NR³¹—, R³¹ is H and R³⁰ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy-(C₁-C₆)alkyl, T, T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or Tor T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl wherein T is substituted by one or two halogeno or(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups.

Preferred R³⁰ substituents are selected from the group consisting of:2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluoro-phenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2-methylphenyl,2-thienylmethyl, 2-methoxy-carbonylethyl, thiazol-2-yl-methyl, 2-furyl,2-methoxycarbonylbutyl and phenyl.

Preferred combinations of R, R^(a) and R^(b) are as follows:

-   -   1) R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently —OH or —O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰,        especially wherein R^(a) is —OH and R and R^(b) are        —O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰ and R³⁰ is selected from the preferred        substituents identified above, or wherein R and R^(a) are each        —OH and R^(b) is —O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰ wherein R³⁰ is 2-fluorophenyl,        2,4-difluoro-phenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl;    -   2) R^(a) is —OH, halogeno, azido or (C₁-C₆)-alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy,        R^(b) is H, halogeno, azido or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy, and        R is —O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰, especially compounds wherein R^(a) is —OH,        R^(b) is H and R³⁰ is 2-fluorophenyl;    -   3) R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently —OH or —O—C(O)—R³⁰ and        R³⁰ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, T, or T substituted by one or two halogeno        or (C₁-C₆)alkyl groups, especially compounds wherein R is —OH        and R^(a) and R^(b) are —O—C(O)—R³⁰ wherein R³⁰ is 2-furyl; and    -   4) R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently —OH or halogeno. Three        additional classes of preferred compounds are those wherein the        C¹′ anomeric oxy is beta, wherein the C²′ anomeric oxy is beta,        and wherein the R group is alpha. G and G¹ are preferably        selected from:        wherein Ac is acetyl and Ph is phenyl.

Preferably, R²⁶ is H or OH, more preferably H. The —O—G substituent ispreferably in the 4-position of the phenyl ring to which it is attached.

In another embodiment, sterol inhibitors useful in the compositions andmethods of the present invention are represented by Formula (IX) below:

or isomers of the compounds of Formula (IX), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or solvates of the compounds of Formula (IX) or of theisomers of the compounds of Formula (IX), or prodrugs of the compoundsof Formula (IX) or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the compounds ofFormula (IX), wherein in Formula (IX) above:

R²⁶ is selected from the group consisting of:

-   -   a) OH;    -   b) OCH₃;    -   c) fluorine and    -   d) chlorine.

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

—SO₃H; natural and unnatural amino acids.

R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OH, halogeno, —NH₂, azido, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy and—W—R³⁰;

W is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH—C(O)—,—O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—N(R³¹)—, —NH—C(O)—N(R³¹)— and —O—C(S)—N(R³¹)—;

R² and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷, R^(3a) and R^(4a) are independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)(C₁-C₆)alkyland —C(O)aryl;

R³⁰ is independently selected form the group consisting ofR³²-substituted T, R³²-substituted-T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl,R³²-substituted-(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, R³²-substituted-(C₁-C₆)alkyl,R³²-substituted-(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl andR³²-substituted-(C₃-C7)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R³¹ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and(C₁-C₄)alkyl;

T is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, furyl,thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, iosthiazolyl,benzothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl and pyridyl;

R³² is independently selected from 1-3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of H, halogeno, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —OH,phenoxy, —CF₃, —NO₂, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, methylenedioxy, oxo,(C₁-C₄)alkylsulfanyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonyl,—N(CH₃)₂, —C(O)—NH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—N((C₁-C₄)alkyl)₂,—C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy and pyrrolidinylcarbonyl; or R³²is a covalent bond and R³¹, the nitrogen to which it is attached and R³²form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, N-methyl-piperazinyl, indolinyl ormorpholinyl group, or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl-substituted pyrrolidinyl,piperidinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, indolinyl or morpholinyl group;

Ar¹ is aryl or R¹⁰-substituted aryl;

Ar² is aryl or R¹¹-substituted aryl;

Q is —(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein q is 2-6, or, with the 3-position ring carbonof the azetidinone,

forms the spiro group

R¹² is

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of—CH₂—, —CH(C₁-C₆ alkyl)-, —C(di-(C₁-C₆) alkyl), —CH═CH— and —C(C₁-C₆alkyl)═CH—; or R¹² together with an adjacent R¹³, or R¹² together withan adjacent R¹⁴, form a —CH═CH— or a —CH═C(C₁-C₆)-alkyly group;

a and b are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided both are not zero;provided that when R¹³ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, a is 1;provided that when R¹⁴ is —CH═CH— or —C(C₁-C₆ alkyl)═CH—, b is 1;provided that when a is 2 or 3, the R¹³'s can be the same or different;and provided that when b is 2 or 3, the R¹⁴'s can be the same ordifferent;

R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1-3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —OR¹⁹, —O(CO)R¹⁹, —O(CO)OR²¹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₅OR¹⁹,—O(CO)NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)R²⁰, —NR¹⁹(CO)OR²¹, —NR¹⁹(CO)NR²⁰R²⁵,—NR¹⁹SO₂R²¹, —COOR¹⁹, —CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —COR¹⁹, —SO₂NR¹⁹R²⁰, S(O)₀₋₂R²¹,—O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—COOR¹⁹, —O(CH₂)₁₋₁₀CONR¹⁹R²⁰, —(C₁-C₆ alkylene)—COOR¹⁹,—CH═CH—COOR¹⁹, —CF₃, —CN, —NO₂ and halogen;

Ar¹ can also be pyridyl, isoxazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridazinyl;

R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl and aryl-substituted (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R²¹ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl or R²⁴-substituted aryl;

R²² is H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl (C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)R¹⁹ or —COOR¹⁹;

R²³ and R²⁴ are independently 1-3 groups independently selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, —COOH, NO₂,—NR¹⁹R²⁰, —OH and halogeno; and

R²⁵ is H, —OH or (C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

Ar² is preferably phenyl or R¹¹-phenyl, especially (4-R¹¹)-substitutedphenyl. Preferred definitions of R¹¹ are lower alkoxy, especiallymethoxy, and halogeno, especially fluoro.

Ar¹ is preferably phenyl or R¹⁰-substituted phenyl, especially(4-R¹⁰)-substituted phenyl. A preferred definition of R¹⁰ is halogeno,especially fluoro.

Preferably Q is a lower alkyl or a Spiro group as defined above, whereinpreferably R¹³ and R¹⁴ are each ethylene and R¹² is

A preferred compound of formula IX, therefore, is one wherein R¹ is asdefined above and in which the remaining variables have the followingdefinitions:

Ar¹ is phenyl or R¹⁰-substituted phenyl, wherein R¹⁰ is halogeno;

Ar² is phenyl or R¹¹-phenyl, wherein R¹¹ is 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆ alkoxy andhalogeno;

Q is a lower alkyl (i.e. C-1 to C-2) with Q=C-2 being preferred, or Q,with the 3-position ring carbon of the azetidinone, forms the group

wherein preferably R¹³ and R¹⁴ are each ethylene and a and b are each 1,and wherein R¹² is

Preferred variables for R¹ groups of the formula

are as follows:

R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, benzyl and acetyl.

Preferred variables for group R¹ of the formula

are as follows:

R³, R^(3a), R⁴ and R^(4a) are selected from the group consisting of H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, benzyl and acetyl;

R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OH, halogeno, —NH₂, azido, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy and —W—R³⁰,wherein W is —O—C(O)— or —O—C(O)—NR³¹—, R³¹ is H and R³⁰ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(O)—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy-(C₁-C₆)alkyl, T, T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or Tor T—(C₁-C₆)alkyl wherein T is substituted by one or two halogeno or(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups.

Preferred R³⁰ substituents are 2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluoro-phenyl,2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-thienylmethyl,2-methoxy-carbonylethyl, thiazol-2-yl-methyl, 2-furyl,2-methoxycarbonylbutyl and phenyl. Preferred combinations of R, R^(a)and R^(b) are as follows: 1) R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently —OH or—O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰, especially wherein R^(a) is —OH and R and R^(b) are—O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰ and R³⁰ is selected from the preferred substituentsidentified above, or wherein R and R^(a) are —OH and R^(b) is—O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰ wherein R³⁰ is 2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluoro-phenyl,2,6-dichlorophenyl; 2) R^(a) is —OH, halogeno, azido or(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, R^(b) is H, halogeno, azido or(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)-alkoxy, and R is —O—C(O)—NH—R³⁰, especiallycompounds wherein R^(a) is —OH, R^(b) is H and R³⁰ is 2-fluorophenyl; 3)R, R^(a) and R^(b) are independently —OH or —O—C(O)R³⁰ and R³⁰ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl, T, or T substituted by one or two halogeno or (C₁-C₆)alkylgroups, especially compounds wherein R is —OH and R^(a) and R^(b) are—O—C(O)—R³⁰ wherein R³⁰ is 2-furyl; and 4) R, R^(a) and R^(b) areindependently —OH or halogeno. Three additional classes of preferred arecompounds are those wherein the C¹′ anomeric oxy is beta, wherein theC²′ anomeric oxy is beta, and wherein the R group is alpha.

R¹ is preferably selected from:

wherein Ac is acetyl and Ph is phenyl.

An example of a useful compound of this invention is one represented bythe formula X:

wherein R¹ is defined as above, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts orsolvates of the compound of Formula (X), or prodrugs of the compound ofFormula (X) or of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe compound of Formula (X).

A more preferred compound is one represented by formula XI:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the compound ofFormula (XI), or prodrugs of the compound of Formula (XI) or of thepharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the compound of Formula(XI).

In another embodiment, compositions, pharmaceutical compositions,therapeutic combinations, kits and methods of treatment as describedabove are provided which comprise: (a) at least one peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator; and (b) at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or at least one substituted β-lactamcompound, or isomers of the at least one substituted azetidinonecompound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound or of the isomers of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound,or prodrugs of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or theat least one substituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers, salts orsolvates of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the atleast one substituted β-lactam compound, wherein the first amount andthe second amount together in their totality (whether administeredconcurrently or consecutively) comprise a therapeutically effectiveamount for the treatment or prevention of a vascular condition,diabetes, obesity or lowering a concentration of a sterol in plasma of amammal.

Suitable substituted azetidinone compounds or substituted β-lactamcompounds can be selected from any of the compounds discussed above inFormulae I-XI. Other useful substituted azetidinone compounds includeN-sulfonyl-2-azetidinones such as are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,983,597 and ethyl 4-(2-oxoazetidin-4-yl)phenoxy-alkanoates such as aredisclosed in Ram et al., Indian J. Chem. Sect. B. 29B, 12 (1990), p.1134-7, which are incorporated by reference herein.

The compounds of Formulae I-XI can be prepared by known methods,including the methods discussed above and, for example, WO 93/02048describes the preparation of compounds wherein —R¹—Q— is alkylene,alkenylene or alkylene interrupted by a hetero atom, phenylene orcycloalkylene; WO 94/17038 describes the preparation of compoundswherein Q is a spirocyclic group; WO 95/08532 describes the preparationof compounds wherein —R¹—Q— is a hydroxy-substituted alkylene group;PCT/US95/03196 describes compounds wherein —R¹—Q— is ahydroxy-substituted alkylene attached to the Ar¹ moiety through an —O—or S(O)₀₋₂-group; and U.S. Ser. No. 08/463,619, filed Jun. 5, 1995,describes the preparation of compounds wherein —R¹—Q— is ahydroxy-substituted alkylene group attached the azetidinone ring by a—S(O)₀₋₂-group.

The daily dose of the sterol absorption inhibitor(s) can range fromabout 0.1 to about 1000 mg per day, preferably about 0.25 to about 50mg/day, and more preferably about 10 mg per day, given in a single doseor 2-4 divided doses. The exact dose, however, is determined by theattending clinician and is dependent on the potency of the compoundadministered, the age, weight, condition and response of the patient.

For administration of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the abovecompounds, the weights indicated above refer to the weight of the acidequivalent or the base equivalent of the therapeutic compound derivedfrom the salt.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositions ortherapeutic combinations can further comprise one or morepharmacological or therapeutic agents or drugs such as cholesterolbiosynthesis inhibitors and/or lipid-lowering agents discussed below.

In another embodiment, the composition or treatment can further compriseone or more cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors coadministered with orin combination with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator(s) and sterol absorption inhibitor(s) discussed above.

Non-limiting examples of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors for use inthe compositions, therapeutic combinations and methods of the presentinvention include competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase, therate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene synthaseinhibitors, squalene epoxidase inhibitors and mixtures thereof.Non-limiting examples of suitable HMG CoA reductase inhibitors includestatins such as lovastatin (for example MEVACOR® which is available fromMerck & Co.), pravastatin (for example PRAVACHOL® which is availablefrom Bristol Meyers Squibb), fluvastatin, simvastatin (for exampleZOCOR® which is available from Merck & Co.), atorvastatin, cerivastatin,CI-981, rivastatin (sodium7-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-methoxymethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptanoate),rosuvastatin, pitavastatin (such as NK-104 of Negma Kowa of Japan); HMGCoA synthetase inhibitors, for example L-659,699((E,E)-11-[3′R-(hydroxy-methyl)-4′-oxo-2′R-oxetanyl]-3,5,7R-trimethyl-2,4-undecadienoicacid); squalene synthesis inhibitors, for example squalestatin 1; andsqualene epoxidase inhibitors, for example, NB-598((E)—N-ethyl-N-(6,6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-3-[(3,3′-bithiophen-5-yl)methoxy]benzene-methanaminehydrochloride) and other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as DMP-565.Preferred HMG CoA reductase inhibitors include lovastatin, pravastatinand simvastatin. The most preferred HMG CoA reductase inhibitor issimvastatin.

Generally, a total daily dosage of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor(s)can range from about 0.1 to about 160 mg per day, and preferably about0.2 to about 80 mg/day in single or 2-3 divided doses.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition or treatment comprisesthe compound of Formula (II) in combination with one or more peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor(s) activator(s) and one or morecholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors. In this embodiment, preferably theperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator(s) is a fibric acidderivative selected from gemfibrozil, clofibrate and/or fenofibrate.Preferably the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor comprises one or moreHMG CoA reductase inhibitors, such as, for example, lovastatin,pravastatin and/or simvastatin. More preferably, the composition ortreatment comprises the compound of Formula (II) in combination withsimvastatin and gemfibrozil or fenofibrate.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions, therapeuticcombinations or methods of the present invention can further compriseone or more bile acid sequestrants (insoluble anion exchange resins),coadministered with or in combination with the PPAR activators(s) andsterol absorption inhibitor(s) discussed above.

Bile acid sequestrants bind bile acids in the intestine, interruptingthe enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and causing an increase inthe faecal excretion of steroids. Use of bile acid sequestrants isdesirable because of their non-systemic mode of action. Bile acidsequestrants can lower intrahepatic cholesterol and promote thesynthesis of apo B/E (LDL) receptors that bind LDL from plasma tofurther reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. Non-limiting examples ofsuitable bile acid sequestrants include cholestyramine (astyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing quaternary ammonium cationicgroups capable of binding bile acids, such as QUESTRAN® or QUESTRANLIGHT® cholestyramine which are available from Bristol-Myers Squibb),colestipol (a copolymer of diethylenetriamine and1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, such as COLESTID® tablets which are availablefrom Pharmacia), colesevelam hydrochloride (such as WelChol® Tablets(poly(allylamine hydrochloride) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin andalkylated with 1-bromodecane and (6-bromohexyl)-trimethylammoniumbromide) which are available from Sankyo), water soluble derivativessuch as 3,3-ioene, N-(cycloalkyl) alkylamines and poliglusam, insolublequaternized polystyrenes, saponins and mixtures thereof. Other usefulbile acid sequestrants are disclosed in PCT Patent Applications Nos. WO97/11345 and WO 98/57652, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,692,895 and 5,703,188which are incorporated herein by reference. Suitable inorganiccholesterol sequestrants include bismuth salicylate plus montmorilloniteclay, aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids.

Generally, a total daily dosage of bile acid sequestrant(s) can rangefrom about 1 to about 50 grams per day, and preferably about 2 to about16 grams per day in single or 24 divided doses.

In an alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise one or more ileal bile acidtransport (“IBAT”) inhibitors (or apical sodium co-dependent bile acidtransport (“ASBT”) inhibitors) coadministered with or in combinationwith the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator(s) andsterol absorption inhibitor(s) discussed above. The IBAT inhibitors caninhibit bile acid transport to reduce LDL cholesterol levels.Non-limiting examples of suitable IBAT inhibitors include benzothiepinessuch as therapeutic compounds comprising a2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzothiepine 1,1-dioxide structure such as aredisclosed in PCT Patent Application WO 00/38727 which is incorporatedherein by reference.

Generally, a total daily dosage of IBAT inhibitor(s) can range fromabout 0.01 to about 1000 mg/day, and preferably about 0.1 to about 50mg/day in single or 24 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise nicotinic acid (niacin) and/orderivatives thereof coadministered with or in combination with theperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterolabsorption inhibitor(s) discussed above.

As used herein, “nicotinic acid derivative” means a compound comprisinga pyridine-3-carboxylate structure or a pyrazine-2-carboxylatestructure, including acid forms, salts, esters, zwitterions andtautomers, where available. Examples of nicotinic acid derivativesinclude niceritrol, nicofuranose and acipimox(5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 4-oxide). Nicotinic acid and itsderivatives inhibit hepatic production of VLDL and its metabolite LDLand increases HDL and apo A-1 levels. An example of a suitable nicotinicacid product is NIASPAN® (niacin extended-release tablets) which areavailable from Kos.

Generally, a total daily dosage of nicotinic acid or a derivativethereof can range from about 500 to about 10,000 mg/day, preferablyabout 1000 to about 8000 mg/day, and more preferably about 3000 to about6000 mg/day in single or divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise one or more AcylCoA:CholesterolO-acyltransferase (“ACAT”) Inhibitors, which can reduce LDL and VLDLlevels, coadministered with or in combination with the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) discussed above. ACAT is an enzyme responsible foresterifying excess intracellular cholesterol and may reduce thesynthesis of VLDL, which is a product of cholesterol esterification, andoverproduction of apo B-100-containing lipoproteins.

Non-limiting examples of useful ACAT inhibitors include avasimibe([[2,4,6-tris(1-methylethyl)phenyl]acetyl]sulfamic acid,2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl ester, formerly known as Cl-1011), HL-004,lecimibide (DuP-128) and CL-277082(N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-[[4-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]methyl]-N-heptylurea).See P. Chang et al., “Current, New and Future Treatments inDyslipidaemia and Atherosclerosis”, Drugs 2000 July; 60(1); 55-93, whichis incorporated by reference herein.

Generally, a total daily dosage of ACAT inhibitor(s) can range fromabout 0.1 to about 1000 mg/day in single or 24 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise one or more Cholesteryl EsterTransfer Protein (“CETP”) Inhibitors coadministered with or incombination with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator(s) and sterol absorption inhibitor(s) discussed above. CETP isresponsible for the exchange or transfer of cholesteryl ester carryingHDL and triglycerides in VLDL.

Non-limiting examples of suitable CETP inhibitors are disclosed in PCTPatent Application No. WO 00/38721 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,147,090, whichare incorporated herein by reference. Pancreatic cholesteryl esterhydrolase (pCEH) inhibitors such as WAY-121898 also can becoadministered with or in combination with the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor(s) activator and sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) discussed above.

Generally, a total daily dosage of CETP inhibitor(s) can range fromabout 0.01 to about 1000 mg/day, and preferably about 0.5 to about 20mg/kg body weight/day in single or divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise probucol or derivatives thereof(such as AGI-1067 and other derivatives disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.6,121,319 and 6,147,250), which can reduce LDL levels, coadministeredwith or in combination with the peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor activator(s) and sterol absorption inhibitor(s) discussedabove.

Generally, a total daily dosage of probucol or derivatives thereof canrange from about 10 to about 2000 mg/day, and preferably about 500 toabout 1500 mg/day in single or 24 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise low-density lipoprotein (LDL)receptor activators, coadministered with or in combination with theperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterolabsorption inhibitor(s) discussed above. Non-limiting examples ofsuitable LDL-receptor activators include HOE-402, animidazolidinyl-pyrimidine derivative that directly stimulates LDLreceptor activity. See M. Huettinger et al., “Hypolipidemic activity ofHOE402 is Mediated by Stimulation of the LDL Receptor Pathway”,Arterioscler. Thromb. 1993; 13:1005-12.

Generally, a total daily dosage of LDL receptor activator(s) can rangefrom about 1 to about 1000 mg/day in single or 24 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise fish oil, which contains Omega 3fatty acids (3-PUFA), which can reduce VLDL and triglyceride levels,coadministered with or in combination with the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) discussed above. Generally, a total daily dosage of fishoil or Omega 3 fatty acids can range from about 1 to about 30 grams perday in single or 2-4 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise natural water soluble fibers,such as psyllium, guar, oat and pectin, which can reduce cholesterollevels, coadministered with or in combination with the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) discussed above. Generally, a total daily dosage of naturalwater soluble fibers can range from about 0.1 to about 10 grams per dayin single or 2-4 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise plant sterols, plant stanolsand/or fatty acid esters of plant stanols, such as sitostanol ester usedin BENECOL® margarine, which can reduce cholesterol levels,coadministered with or in combination with the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) discussed above. Generally, a total daily dosage of plantsterols, plant stanols and/or fatty acid esters of plant stanols canrange from about 0.5 to about 20 grams per day in single or 2-4 divideddoses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise antioxidants, such as probucol,tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and selenium, or vitamins such asvitamin B₆ or vitamin B₁₂, coadministered with or in combination withthe peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterolabsorption inhibitor(s) discussed above. Generally, a total daily dosageof antioxidants or vitamins can range from about 0.05 to about 10 gramsper day in single or 2-4 divided doses.

In another alternative embodiment, the compositions or treatments of thepresent invention can further comprise monocyte and macrophageinhibitors such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), thyroid hormonesincluding throxine analogues such as CGS-26214 (a thyroxine compoundwith a fluorinated ring), gene therapy and use of recombinant proteinssuch as recombinant apo E, coadministered with or in combination withthe peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator(s) and sterolabsorption inhibitor(s) discussed above. Generally, a total daily dosageof these agents can range from about 0.01 to about 1000 mg/day in singleor 2-4 divided doses.

Also useful with the present invention are compositions or therapeuticcombinations which further comprise hormone replacement agents andcompositions. Useful hormone agents and compositions for hormonereplacement therapy of the present invention include androgens,estrogens, progestins, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts andderivatives thereof. Combinations of these agents and compositions arealso useful.

The dosage of androgen and estrogen combinations vary, desirably fromabout 1 mg to about 4 mg androgen and from about 1 mg to about 3 mgestrogen. Examples include, but are not limited to, androgen andestrogen combinations such as the combination of esterified estrogens(sodium estrone sulfate and sodium equilin sulfate) andmethyltestosterone (17-hydroxy-17-methyl-, (17B)- androst-4-en-3-one)available from Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marietta, Ga., under thetradename Estratest.

Estrogens and estrogen combinations may vary in dosage from about 0.01mg up to 8 mg, desirably from about 0.3 mg to about 3.0 mg. Examples ofuseful estrogens and estrogen combinations include:

(a) the blend of nine (9) synthetic estrogenic substances includingsodium estrone sulfate, sodium equilin sulfate, sodium 17α-dihydroequilin sulfate, sodium 17 α-estradiol sulfate, sodium 17β-dihydroequilin sulfate, sodium 17 α-dihydroequilenin sulfate, sodium17 β-dihydroequilenin sulfate, sodium equilenin sulfate and sodium 17β-estradiol sulfate; available from Duramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,Cincinnati, Ohio, under the tradename Cenestin;

(b) ethinyl estradiol (19-nor-17α-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol; available by Schering PloughCorporation, Kenilworth, N.J., under the tradename Estinyl;

(c) esterified estrogen combinations such as sodium estrone sulfate andsodium equilin sulfate; available from Solvay under the tradenameEstratab and from Monarch Pharmaceuticals, Bristol, Tenn., under thetradename Menest;

(d) estropipate (piperazine estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one,3-(sulfooxy)-estrone sulfate); available from Pharmacia & Upjohn,Peapack, N.J., under the tradename Ogen and from Women First HealthCare, Inc., San Diego, Calif., under the tradename Ortho-Est; and

(e) conjugated estrogens (17 α-dihydroequilin, 17 α-estradiol, and 17β-dihydroequilin); available from Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals,Philadelphia, Pa., under the tradename Premarin.

Progestins and estrogens may also be administered with a variety ofdosages, generally from about 0.05 to about 2.0 mg progestin and about0.001 mg to about 2 mg estrogen, desirably from about 0.1 mg to about 1mg progestin and about 0.01 mg to about 0.5 mg estrogen. Examples ofprogestin and estrogen combinations that may vary in dosage and regimeninclude:

(a) the combination of estradiol (estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-3, 17 β-diolhemihydrate) and norethindrone (17 β-acetoxy-19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one); which is available from Pharmacia & Upjohn,Peapack, N.J., under the tradename Activella;

(b) the combination of levonorgestrel (d(−)-13 β-ethyl-17 α-ethinyl-17β-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one) and ethinyl estradial; available fromWyeth-Ayerst under the tradename Alesse, from Watson Laboratories, Inc.,Corona, Calif., under the tradenames Levora and Trivora, MonarchPharmaceuticals, under the tradename Nordette, and from Wyeth-Ayerstunder the tradename Triphasil;

(c) the combination of ethynodiol diacetate (19-nor-17a-pregn-4-en-20-yne-3 β, 17-diol diacetate) and ethinyl estradiol;available from G. D. Searle & Co., Chicago, Ill., under the tradenameDemulen and from Watson under the tradename Zovia;

(d) the combination of desogestrel (13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol) and ethinyl estradiol; available from Organonunder the tradenames Desogen and Mircette, and from Ortho-McNeilPharmaceutical, Raritan, N.J., under the tradename Ortho-Cept;

(e) the combination of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol; availablefrom Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, N.J., under the tradenames Estrostepand femhrt, from Watson under the tradenames Microgestin, Necon, andTri-Norinyl, from Ortho-McNeil under the tradenames Modicon andOrtho-Novum, and from Warner Chilcott Laboratories, Rockaway, N.J.,under the tradename Ovcon;

(f) the combination of norgestrel ((±)-13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17 α-preg-4-en-20-yn-3-one) and ethinyl estradiol; availablefrom Wyeth-Ayerst under the tradenames Ovral and Lo/Ovral, and fromWatson under the tradenames Ogestrel and Low-Ogestrel;

(g) the combination of norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, and mestranol(3-methoxy-19-nor-17 α-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yn-17-ol); availablefrom Watson under the tradenames Brevicon and Norinyl;

(h) the combination of 17 β-estradiol (estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol) and micronized norgestimate (17α-17-(Acetyloxyl)-13-ethyl-18,19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one3-oxime);available from Ortho-McNeil under the tradename Ortho-Prefest;

(i) the combination of norgestimate(18,19-dinor-17-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-(acetyloxy)-13-ethyl-,oxime,(17(α)-(+)-) and ethinyl estradiol; available from Ortho-McNeil underthe tradenames Ortho Cyclen and Ortho Tri-Cyclen; and

(j) the combination of conjugated estrogens (sodium estrone sulfate andsodium equilin sulfate) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (20-dione,17-(acetyloxy)-6-methyl-, (6(α))- pregn-4-ene-3); available fromWyeth-Ayerst under the tradenames Premphase and Prempro.

In general, a dosage of progestins may vary from about 0.05 mg to about10 mg or up to about 200 mg if microsized progesterone is administered.Examples of progestins include norethindrone; available from ESILederle, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., under the tradename Aygestin, fromOrtho-McNeil under the tradename Micronor, and from Watson under thetradename Nor-QD; norgestrel; available from Wyeth-Ayerst under thetradename Ovrette; micronized progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione);available from Solvay under the tradename Prometrium; andmedroxyprogesterone acetate; available from Pharmacia & Upjohn under thetradename Provera.

The compositions, therapeutic combinations or methods of the presentinvention can further comprise one or more obesity control medications.Useful obesity control medications include, but are not limited to,drugs that reduce energy intake or suppress appetite, drugs thatincrease energy expenditure and nutrient-partitioning agents. Suitableobesity control medications include, but are not limited to,noradrenergic agents (such as diethylpropion, mazindol,phenylpropanolamine, phentermine, phendimetrazine, phendamine tartrate,methamphetamine, phendimetrazine and tartrate); serotonergic agents(such as sibutramine, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, fluoxetine,fluvoxamine and paroxtine); thermogenic agents (such as ephedrine,caffeine, theophylline, and selective β3-adrenergic agonists);alpha-blocking agents; kainite or AMPA receptor antagonists;leptin-lipolysis stimulated receptors; phosphodiesterase enzymeinhibitors; compounds having nucleotide sequences of the mahogany gene;fibroblast growth factor-10 polypeptides; monoamine oxidase inhibitors(such as befloxatone, moclobemide, brofaromine, phenoxathine, esuprone,befol, toloxatone, pirlindol, amiflamine, sercloremine, bazinaprine,lazabemide, milacemide and caroxazone); compounds for increasing lipidmetabolism (such as evodiamine compounds); and lipase inhibitors (suchas orlistat). Generally, a total dosage of the above-described obesitycontrol medications can range from 1 to 3,000 mg/day, desirably fromabout 1 to 1,000 mg/day and more desirably from about 1 to 200 mg/day insingle or 2-4 divided doses.

The compositions, therapeutic combinations or methods of the presentinvention can further comprise one or more blood modifiers which arechemically different from the substituted azetidinone and substitutedβ-lactam compounds (such as compounds I-XI above) and the PPAR receptoractivators discussed above, for example, they contain one or moredifferent atoms, have a different arrangement of atoms or a differentnumber of one or more atoms than the sterol absorption inhibitor(s) orPPAR receptor activators discussed above. Useful blood modifiers includebut are not limited to anti-coagulants (argatroban, bivalirudin,dalteparin sodium, desirudin, dicumarol, lyapolate sodium, nafamostatmesylate, phenprocoumon, tinzaparin sodium, warfarin sodium);antithrombotic (anagrelide hydrochloride, bivalirudin, cilostazol,dalteparin sodium, danaparoid sodium, dazoxiben hydrochloride, efegatransulfate, enoxaparin sodium, fluretofen, ifetroban, ifetroban sodium,lamifiban, lotrafiban hydrochloride, napsagatran, orbofiban acetate,roxifiban acetate, sibrafiban, tinzaparin sodium, trifenagrel,abciximab, zolimomab aritox); fibrinogen receptor antagonists (roxifibanacetate, fradafiban, orbofiban, lotrafiban hydrochloride, tirofiban,xemilofiban, monoclonal antibody 7E3, sibrafiban); platelet inhibitors(cilostazol, clopidogrel bisulfate, epoprostenol, epoprostenol sodium,ticlopidine hydrochloride, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, sulindae,idomethacin, mefenamate, droxicam, diclofenac, sulfinpyrazone,piroxicam, dipyridamole); platelet aggregation inhibitors (acadesine,beraprost, beraprost sodium, ciprostene calcium, itazigrel, lifarizine,lotrafiban hydrochloride, orbofiban acetate, oxagrelate, fradafiban,orbofiban, tirofiban, xemilofiban); hemorrheologic agents(pentoxifylline); lipoprotein associated coagulation inhibitors; FactorVIIa inhibitors (4H-31-benzoxazin-4-ones, 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-thiones,quinazolin-4-ones, quinazolin-4-thiones, benzothiazin-4-ones,imidazolyl-boronic acid-derived peptide analogues TFPI-derived peptides,naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid{1-[3-(aminoiminomethyl)-benzyl]-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-(S)-yl} amidetrifluoroacetate, dibenzofuran-2-sulfonic acid{1-[3-(aminomethyl)-benzyl]-5-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-amide,tolulene-4-sulfonic acid{1-[3-(aminoiminomethyl)-benzyl]-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-(S)-yl}-amidetrifluoroacetate, 3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-sulfonic acid{1-[3-(aminoiminomethyl)-benzyl]-2-oxo-pyrrolin-3-(S)-yl}-amidetrifluoroacetate); Factor Xa inhibitors (disubstituted pyrazolines,disubstituted triazolines, substitutedn-[(aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]propylamides, substitutedn-[(aminomethyl)phenyl] propylamides, tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI), low molecular weight heparins, heparinoids, benzimidazolines,benzoxazolinones, benzopiperazinones, indanones, dibasic (amidinoaryl)propanoic acid derivatives, amidinophenyl-pyrrolidines,amidinophenyl-pyrrolines, amidinophenyl-isoxazolidines, amidinoindoles,amidinoazoles, bis-arlysulfonylaminobenzamide derivatives, peptidicFactor Xa inhibitors).

The compositions, therapeutic combinations or methods of the presentinvention can further comprise one or more cardiovascular agents whichare chemically different from the substituted azetidinone andsubstituted β-lactam compounds (such as compounds I-XI above) and thePPAR receptor activators discussed above, for example, they contain oneor more different atoms, have a different arrangement of atoms or adifferent number of one or more atoms than the sterol absorptioninhibitor(s) or PPAR receptor activators discussed above. Usefulcardiovascular agents include but are not limited to calcium channelblockers (clentiazem maleate, amlodipine besylate, isradipine,nimodipine, felodipine, nilvadipine, nifedipine, teludipinehydrochloride, diltiazem hydrochloride, belfosdil, verapamilhydrochloride, fostedil); adrenergic blockers (fenspiride hydrochloride,labetalol hydrochloride, proroxan, alfuzosin hydrochloride, acebutolol,acebutolol hydrochloride, alprenolol hydrochloride, atenolol, bunololhydrochloride, carteolol hydrochloride, celiprolol hydrochloride,cetamolol hydrochloride, cicloprolol hydrochloride, dexpropranololhydrochloride, diacetolol hydrochloride, dilevalol hydrochloride,esmolol hydrochloride, exaprolol hydrochloride, flestolol sulfate,labetalol hydrochloride, levobetaxolol hydrochloride, levobunololhydrochloride, metalol hydrochloride, metoprolol, metoprolol tartrate,nadolol, pamatolol sulfate, penbutolol sulfate, practolol, propranololhydrochloride, sotalol hydrochloride, timolol, timolol maleate,tiprenolol hydrochloride, tolamolol, bisoprolol, bisoprolol fumarate,nebivolol); adrenergic stimulants; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors (benazepril hydrochloride, benazeprilat, captopril, delaprilhydrochloride, fosinopril sodium, libenzapril, moexipril hydrochloride,pentopril, perindopril, quinapril hydrochloride, quinaprilat, ramipril,spirapril hydrochloride, spiraprilat, teprotide, enalapril maleate,lisinopril, zofenopril calcium, perindopril erbumine); antihypertensiveagents (althiazide, benzthiazide, captopril, carvedilol, chlorothiazidesodium, clonidine hydrochloride, cyclothiazide, delapril hydrochloride,dilevalol hydrochloride, doxazosin mesylate, fosinopril sodium,guanfacine hydrochloride, methyldopa, metoprolol succinate, moexiprilhydrochloride, monatepil maleate, pelanserin hydrochloride,phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride, prazosin hydrochloride, primidolol,quinapril hydrochloride, quinaprilat, ramipril, terazosin hydrochloride,candesartan, candesartan cilexetil, telmisartan, amlodipine besylate,amlodipine maleate, bevantolol hydrochloride); angiotensin II receptorantagonists (candesartan, irbesartan, losartan potassium, candesartancilexetil, telmisartan); anti-anginal agents (amlodipine besylate,amlodipine maleate, betaxolol hydrochloride, bevantolol hydrochloride,butoprozine hydrochloride, carvedilol, cinepazet maleate, metoprololsuccinate, molsidomine, monatepil maleate, primidolol, ranolazinehydrochoride, tosifen, verapamil hydrochloride); coronary vasodilators(fostedil, azaclorzine hydrochloride, chromonar hydrochloride,clonitrate, diltiazem hydrochloride, dipyridamole, droprenilamine,erythrityl tetranitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate,lidoflazine, mioflazine hydrochloride, mixidine, molsidomine,nicorandil, nifedipine, nisoldipine, nitroglycerine, oxprenololhydrochloride, pentrinitrol, perhexiline maleate, prenylamine, propatylnitrate, terodiline hydrochloride, tolamolol, verapamil); diuretics (thecombination product of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone and thecombination product of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene).

The compositions, therapeutic combinations or methods of the presentinvention can further comprise one or more antidiabetic medications forreducing blood glucose levels in a human. Useful antidiabeticmedications include, but are not limited to, drugs that reduce energyintake or suppress appetite, drugs that increase energy expenditure andnutrient-partitioning agents. Suitable antidiabetic medications include,but are not limited to, sulfonylurea (such as acetohexamide,chlorpropamide, gliamilide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide,glyburide, glibenclamide, tolazamide, and tolbutamide), meglitinide(such as repaglinide and nateglinide), biguamide (such as mefformin andbuformin), alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (such as acarbose, miglitol,camiglibose, and voglibose), certain peptides (such as amlintide,pramlintide, exendin, and GLP-1 agonistic peptides), and orallyadministrable insulin or insulin composition for intestinal deliverythereof. Generally, a total dosage of the above-described antidiabeticmedications can range from 0.1 to 1,000 mg/day in single or 24 divideddoses.

Mixtures of any of the pharmacological or therapeutic agents describedabove can be used in the compositions and therapeutic combinations ofthe present invention.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) at least one AcylCoA:CholesterolO-acyltransferase Inhibitor and (b) at least one substituted azetidinonecompound or at least one substituted β-lactam compound, or isomers ofthe at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts orsolvates of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the atleast one substituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers of the atleast one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound, or prodrugs of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the at leastone substituted azetidinone compound or at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) probucol or a derivative thereofand (b) at least one substituted azetidinone compound or at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound, or isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or prodrugs of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compoundor of the isomers, salts or solvates of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) at least one low-densitylipoprotein receptor activator and (b) at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or at least one substituted β-lactam compound, orisomers of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the atleast one substituted β-lactam compound, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalts or solvates of the at least one substituted azetidinone compoundor the at least one substituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers ofthe at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound, or prodrugs of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound or of the isomers, salts or solvates of the at leastone substituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) at least one Omega 3 fatty acidand (b) at least one substituted azetidinone compound or at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound, or isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or prodrugs of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compoundor of the isomers, salts or solvates of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) at least one natural watersoluble fiber and (b) at least one substituted azetidinone compound orat least one substituted β-lactam compound, or isomers of the at leastone substituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or prodrugs of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compoundor of the isomers, salts or solvates of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) at least one of plant sterols,plant stanols or fatty acid esters of plant stanols and (b) at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or at least one substituted β-lactamcompound, or isomers of the at least one substituted azetidinonecompound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound or of the isomers of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound,or prodrugs of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or theat least one substituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers, salts orsolvates of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the atleast one substituted β-lactam compound.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition ortherapeutic combination comprising (a) at least one antioxidant orvitamin and (b) at least one substituted azetidinone compound or atleast one substituted β-lactam compound, or isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates ofthe at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound or of the isomers of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound, or prodrugs of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted lactam compound orof the isomers, salts or solvates of the at least one substitutedazetidinone compound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound.

Mixtures of any of the pharmacological or therapeutic agents describedabove can be used in the compositions and therapeutic combinations ofthese other embodiments of the present invention.

The compositions and therapeutic combinations of the present inventioncan be administered to a mammal in need of such treatment in atherapeutically effective amount to treat one or more conditions, forexample vascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia(including but not limited to hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridaemia, sitosterolemia), vascular inflammation, stroke,diabetes, obesity, and/or reduce the level of sterol(s) in the plasma.The compositions and treatments can be administered by any suitablemeans which produce contact of these compounds with the site of actionin the body, for example in the plasma, liver or small intestine of amammal or human.

The daily dosage for the various compositions and therapeuticcombinations described above can be administered to a patient in asingle dose or in multiple subdoses, as desired. Subdoses can beadministered 2 to 6 times per-day, for example. Sustained releasedosages can be used. Where the peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor(s) activator and sterol absorption inhibitor(s) areadministered in separate dosages, the number of doses of each componentgiven per day may not necessarily be the same, e.g., one component mayhave a greater duration of activity and will therefore need to beadministered less frequently.

The pharmaceutical treatment compositions and therapeutic combinationsof the present invention can further comprise one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, one or more excipients and/or oneor more additives. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptablecarriers include solids and/or liquids such as ethanol, glycerol, waterand the like. The amount of carrier in the treatment composition canrange from about 5 to about 99 weight percent of the total weight of thetreatment composition or therapeutic combination. Non-limiting examplesof suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and additives includenon-toxic compatible fillers, binders such as starch, disintegrants,buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, flavorings,thickeners, coloring agents, emulsifiers and the like. The amount ofexcipient or additive can range from about 0.1 to about 90 weightpercent of the total weight of the treatment composition or therapeuticcombination. One skilled in the art would understand that the amount ofcarrier(s), excipients and additives (if present) can vary.

The treatment compositions of the present invention can be administeredin any conventional dosage form, preferably an oral dosage form such asa capsule, tablet, powder, cachet, suspension or solution. Theformulations and pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared usingconventional pharmaceutically acceptable and conventional techniques.Several examples of preparation of dosage formulations are providedbelow.

The following formulations exemplify some of the dosage forms of thisinvention. In each formulation, the term “Active Compound I” designatesa substituted azetidinone compound, β-lactam compound or any of thecompounds of Formulae I-XI described herein above, or isomers of the atleast one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound or any of the compounds of Formulae I-XI,or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of the at least onesubstituted azetidinone compound or the at least one substitutedβ-lactam compound or any of the compounds of Formulae I-XI or of theisomers of the at least one substituted azetidinone compound or the atleast one substituted β-lactam compound or any of the compounds ofFormulae I-XI, or prodrugs of the at least one substituted azetidinonecompound or the at least one substituted β-lactam compound or any of thecompounds of Formulae I-XI or of the isomers, salts or solvates of theat least one substituted azetidinone compound or the at least onesubstituted β-lactam compound or any of the compounds of Formulae I-XI,and the term “Active Compound II” designates a PPAR activator describedherein above.

EXAMPLE

Tablets No. Ingredient mg/tablet 1 Active Compound I 10 2 Lactosemonohydrate NF 55 3 Microcrystalline cellulose NF 20 4 Povidone (K29-32)USP 4 5 Croscarmellose sodium NF 8 6 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2 7 Magnesiumstearate NF 1 Total 100

In the present invention, the above-described tablet can becoadministered with a tablet, capsule, etc. comprising a dosage ofActive Compound II, for example a TRICOR® capsule as described above.

Method of Manufacture

Mix Item No. 4 with purified water in suitable mixer to form bindersolution. Spray the binder solution and then water over Items 1, 2, 6and a portion of Item 5 in a fluidized bed processor to granulate theingredients. Continue fluidization to dry the damp granules. Screen thedried granules and blend with Item No. 3 and the remainder of Item 5.Add Item No. 7 and mix. Compress the mixture to appropriate size andweight on a suitable tablet machine.

For coadministration in separate tablets or capsules, representativeformulations comprising a cholesterol absorption inhibitor such as arediscussed above are well known in the art and representativeformulations comprising a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator such as are discussed above are well known in the art. It iscontemplated that where the two active ingredients are administered as asingle composition, the dosage forms disclosed above for substitutedazetidinone or β-lactam compounds may readily be modified using theknowledge of one skilled in the art.

Since the present invention relates to treating conditions as discussedabove, such as reducing the plasma sterol (especially cholesterol)concentrations or levels by treatment with a combination of activeingredients wherein the active ingredients may be administeredseparately, the invention also relates to combining separatepharmaceutical compositions in kit form. That is, a kit is contemplatedwherein two separate units are combined: a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising at least one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoractivator and a separate pharmaceutical composition comprising at leastone sterol absorption inhibitor as described above. The kit willpreferably include directions for the administration of the separatecomponents. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separatecomponents must be administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oraland parenteral) or are administered at different dosage intervals.

The treatment compositions and therapeutic combinations of the presentinvention can inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol inmammals, as shown in the Example below, and can be useful in thetreatment and/or prevention of conditions, for example vascularconditions, such as atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia andsitosterolemia, stroke, obesity and lowering of plasma levels ofcholesterol in mammals, in particular in mammals.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the compositions andtherapeutic combinations of the present invention can inhibit sterolabsorption or reduce plasma concentration of at least one sterolselected from the group consisting of phytosterols (such as sitosterol,campesterol, stigmasterol and avenosterol), 5α-stanols (such ascholestanol, 5α-campestanol, 5α-sitostanol), cholesterol and mixturesthereof. The plasma concentration can be reduced by administering to amammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of at least onetreatment composition or therapeutic combination comprising at least onePPAR activator and at least one sterol absorption inhibitor describedabove. The reduction in plasma concentration of sterols can range fromabout 1 to about 70 percent, and preferably about 10 to about 50percent. Methods of measuring serum total blood cholesterol and totalLDL cholesterol are well known to those skilled in the art and forexample include those disclosed in PCT WO 99/38498 at page 11,incorporated by reference herein. Methods of determining levels of othersterols in serum are disclosed in H. Gylling et al., “Serum SterolsDuring Stanol Ester Feeding in a Mildly HypercholesterolemicPopulation”, J. Lipid Res. 40: 593-600 (1999), incorporated by referenceherein.

Illustrating the invention are the following examples which, however,are not to be considered as limiting the invention to their details.Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages in the followingexamples, as well as throughout the specification, are by weight.

EXAMPLES Preparation of Compound of Formula (II)

Step 1): To a solution of (S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone (41 g, 0.25 mol)in CH₂Cl₂ (200 ml), was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.5 g, 0.02 mol)and triethylamine (84.7 ml, 0.61 mol) and the reaction mixture wascooled to 0° C. Methyl-4-(chloroformyl)butyrate (50 g, 0.3 mol) wasadded as a solution in CH₂Cl₂ (375 ml) dropwise over 1 h, and thereaction was allowed to warm to 22° C. After 17 h, water and H₂SO₄ (2N,100 ml), was added the layers were separated, and the organic layer waswashed sequentially with NaOH (10%), NaCl (sat'd) and water. The organiclayer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated to obtain a semicrystallineproduct.

Step 2): To a solution of TiCl₄ (18.2 ml, 0.165 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (600 ml)at 0° C., was added titanium isopropoxide (16.5 ml, 0.055 mol). After 15min, the product of Step 1 (49.0 g, 0.17 mol) was added as a solution inCH₂Cl₂ (100 ml). After 5 min., diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) (65.2 ml,0.37 mol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1h, the reaction mixture was cooled to −20° C., and4-benzyloxybenzylidine(4-fluoro)aniline (114.3 g, 0.37 mol) was added asa solid. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 4 h at −20° C.,then acetic acid was added as a solution in CH₂Cl₂ dropwise over 15 min,the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C., and H₂SO₄ (2N) wasadded. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional 1 h, the layerswere separated, washed with water, separated and the organic layer wasdried. The crude product was crystallized from ethanol/water to obtainthe pure intermediate.

Step 3): To a solution of the product of Step 2 (8.9 g, 14.9 mmol) intoluene (100 ml) at 50° C., was added N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide(BSA) (7.50 ml, 30.3 mmol). After 0.5 h, solid TBAF (0.39 g, 1.5 mmol)was added and the reaction mixture stirred at 50° C. for an additional 3h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 22° C., CH₃OH (10 ml), was added.The reaction mixture was washed with HCl (1 N), NaHCO₃ (1 N) and NaCl(sat'd.), and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄.

Step 4): To a solution of the product of Step 3 (0.94 g, 2.2 mmol) inCH₃OH (3 ml), was added water (1 ml) and LiOH.H₂O (102 mg, 2.4 mmole).The reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 1 h and then additionalLiOH.H₂O (54 mg, 1.3 mmole) was added. After a total of 2 h, HCl (1 N)and EtOAc was added, the layers were separated, the organic layer wasdried and concentrated in vacuo. To a solution of the resultant product(0.91 g, 2.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ at 22° C., was added ClCOCOCl (0.29 ml, 3.3mmol) and the mixture stirred for 16 h. The solvent was removed invacuo.

Step 5): To an efficiently stirred suspension of 4-fluorophenylzincchloride (4.4 mmol) prepared from 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide (1M inTHF, 4.4 ml, 4.4 mmol) and ZnCl₂ (0.6 g, 4.4 mmol) at 4° C., was addedtetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium (0.25 g, 0.21 mmol) followed bythe product of Step 4 (0.94 g, 2.2 mmol) as a solution in THF (2 ml).The reaction was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and then for 0.5 h at 22° C.HCl (1 N, 5 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. Theorganic layer was concentrated to an oil and purified by silica gelchromatography to obtain1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4(S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3(R)-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)-2-azetidinone:HRMS calc'd for C₂₄H₁₉F₂NO₃=408.1429, found 408.1411.

Step 6): To the product of Step 5 (0.95 g, 1.91 mmol) in THF (3 ml), wasadded (R)-tetrahydro-1-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo-[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole (120 mg, 0.43 mmol) and the mixture was cooled to −20° C.After 5 min, borohydride-dimethylsulfide complex (2M in THF, 0.85 ml,1.7 mmol) was added dropwise over 0.5 h. After a total of 1.5 h, CH₃OHwas added followed by HCl (1 N) and the reaction mixture was extractedwith EtOAc to obtain1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl)]-4(S)-[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-2-azetidinone(compound 6A-1) as an oil. ¹H in CDCl₃ d H3=4.68. J=2.3 Hz. Cl (M⁺H)500.

Use of(S)-tetra-hydro-1-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo-[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole gives the corresponding 3(R)-hydroxypropyl azetidinone(compound 6B-1). ¹H in CDCl₃ d H3=4.69. J=2.3 Hz. Cl (M⁺H) 500.

To a solution of compound 6A-1 (0.4 g, 0.8 mmol) in ethanol (2 ml), wasadded 10% Pd/C (0.03 g) and the reaction mixture was stirred under apressure (60 psi) of H₂ gas for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filteredand the solvent was concentrated to obtain compound 6A. Mp 164-166° C.;Cl (M⁺H) 410. [α]_(D) ²⁵=−28.1° (c 3, CH₃OH) Elemental analysis calc'dfor C₂₄H₂₁F₂NO₃: C 70.41; H 5.17; N 3.42; found C 70.25; H 5.19; N 3.54.

Similarly treat compound 6B-1 to obtain compound 6B.

Mp 129.5-132.5° C.; Cl (M⁺H)410. Elemental analysis calc'd forC₂₄H₂₁F₂NO₃: C 70.41; H 5.17; N 3.42; found C 70.30; H 5.14; N 3.52.

Step 6′ (Alternative): To a solution of the product of Step 5 (0.14 g,0.3 mmol) in ethanol (2 ml), was added 10% Pd/C (0.03 g) and thereaction was stirred under a pressure (60 psi) of H2 gas for 16 h. Thereaction mixture was filtered and the solvent was concentrated to afforda 1:1 mixture of compounds 6A and 6B.

In Vivo Evaluation

In a randomized, evaluator-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groupstudy 32 healthy hypercholesterolemic humans (screening LDL-C≧130 mg/dL)stabilized and maintained on a NCEP Step I Diet were randomized to oneof the following four treatments:

Treatment A—placebo given orally as 1 dose per day,

Treatment B—10 mg of Compound II given orally as 1 dose per day,

Treatment C—200 mg of LIPANTHYL® micronized Fenofibrate (available fromLabortoire Fournier of France) given orally as 1 dose per day, or

Treatment D—200 mg of LIPANTHYL® micronized Fenofibrate plus 10 mg of

Compound II given orally as 1 dose per day every morning for 14 days.Serum lipids were assessed predose (after a minimum of a 10-hour fast)on Day 1 (Baseline), Day 7 and Day 14.

Results: The mean (S.E.) Day 14 percent (%) change from Baseline inserum lipids (n=8) are shown in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1 Treatment LDL-C Total-C HDL-C TG A −10.1 (4.9) −8.38 (4.0) −14.1(2.2) 19.1 (13.9) B −22.3 (5.7) −19.6 (4.0) −13.3 (4.4) −4.57 (12.8) C−13.5 (3.1) −13.0 (2.4)  −6.1 (3.6) 0.28 (11.4) D −36.3 (3.5) −27.8(1.7) −1.97 (4.7) −32.4 (4.5)

The coadministration of 10 mg of Compound II and 200 mg of Fenofibrate(Treatment D) was well tolerated and caused a significant (p≦0.03)reduction in LDL-C compared to either drug alone or placebo. In thisinpatient study where the subjects' physical activity was restricted, ingeneral HDL-C concentrations tended to decrease and triglycerides tendedto increase. The group receiving Treatment C had the least decrease inHDL-C and the greatest decrease in triglyceride levels.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could bemade to the embodiments described above without departing from the broadinventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that thisinvention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but itis intended to cover modifications which are within the spirit and scopeof the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

1. A pharmaceutical composition consisting of: Weight percent Ingredientof ingredient Compound of Formula (II) 10 Lactose monohydrate 55Microcrystalline cellulose 20 Povidone 4 Croscarmellose sodium 8 Sodiumlauryl sulfate 2 Magnesium stearate 1 Total 100

wherein the compound represented by Formula (II) below is:


2. A pharmaceutical composition consisting essentially of: milligrams ofIngredient ingredient Compound of Formula (II) 10 Lactose monohydrate 55Microcrystalline cellulose 20 Povidone 4 Croscarmellose sodium 8 Sodiumlauryl sulfate 2 Magnesium stearate 1 Total 100

wherein the compound represented by Formula (II) below is: